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Authors
Abstract(s)
Tendo como ponto de partida o elemento água, pretendeu-se com este trabalho dar a conhecer as diversas alterações pelas quais passaram os edifícios termais em S. Pedro do Sul, bem como as relações termais actuais. Analisando as características dos diversos edifícios e das diversas épocas (desde a sua fundação romana até à Idade Moderna), foi também dada a conhecer a história do termalismo ao nível local e nacional.
Numa primeira fase, foi realizada a análise da história e dos conceitos que envolvem o termalismo, como a água, o lazer, o turismo, particularizando as situações até chegar aos edifícios termais medicinais que ainda hoje se encontram edificados nas Termas de S. Pedro do Sul. Graças ao cruzamento de dados de natureza distinta (arqueológicos, as cartográficos, histórico - documentais) foi possível completar as plantas existentes e interpretar as grandes fases históricas de ocupação das termas (romana, medieval, moderna). Analisámos também a transformação de aspectos concretos da evolução arquitectónica, designadamente, o funcionamento, desde o processo construtivo até às práticas e rituais de um dia na vida normal de um balneário, diferenciando para além de outras questões, os espaços e o banho termal - medicinal de outros espaços.
Para interpretar os espaços termais, foi necessário fazer uma análise das transformações sociais, inclusive das alterações radicais que a modernidade trouxe à relação entre espaço e indivíduo, e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a experiência humana, a denominação dos espaços, a mobilidade, a flexibilidade dos usos, a economia, a adaptação às novas tecnologias e a consciência que hoje temos das mesmas. A relação entre o homem e o espaço, que se traduz na arquitectura termal, oferece-nos práticas e rituais específicos que promovem diferentes visões da percepção da forma construída. Através da observação direta dos novos espaços e da vivência dos participantes (termalistas/utentes e funcionários), associada a um estudo de caso, foi analisado territorialmente o impacto do edifício termal e a forma de relacionamento dos intervenientes com o mesmo.
Garantir o bem-estar e a melhoria das condições de vida são factores determinantes para a construção de uma sociedade moderna, pelo que, no culminar deste trabalho, foram propostas as recomendações técnicas para um estabelecimento termal que visaram a definição tipológica da construção termal actual, com vista a assegurar níveis de qualidade exigidos pela lei nacional e internacional.
Os resultados alcançados permitiram destacar: a caracterização das alterações ocorridas no espaço construído ao longo do tempo; as diversas componentes que a relação espaço termal /indivíduo hoje comporta e a definição tipológica actual da construção termal, com vista a assegurar níveis máximos de qualidade.
Taking as the starting point the water element, the aim of this work was to inform about the multiple changes the thermal buildings in S. Pedro do Sul were object of, as well as the current thermal relations. When we analyse the several buildings’ characteristics through different times (since the roman foundation until the modern age) it was also given to know the history of hydrotherapy at local and national levels. At first it was analysed thermal springs’ history and concepts like: water, leisure, tourism, and others until we reached the hydrotherapy and medicinal buildings which are still built in Termas de S. Pedro do Sul. Thanks to data crossing of different nature (archaeological, cartographic and historical documents) it was possible to complete the existing templates and to understand the big historical phases of the thermal occupation (Roman, Medieval and Modern) as well as to analyse some specific aspects of the architectural evolution such as the functioning of a thermal centre: from its construction to its daily routine, pointing the difference between thermal and medical bath and the other spaces. However, to talk about thermal spaces we had to analyse the changes, including the radical ones that modernity brought into space/individual relationship, human experience, spaces denomination, mobility, practice flexibility, economy, adaption to new technologies and our own consciousness. Thermal architecture reflects the man-space relationship and its specific practices and rituals that promote different visions of the buildings’ construction. Through direct observation of the new areas/spaces and experiencing of users (therapists/thermal guests, participants and employees) linked to a study case, both the thermal centre territorial impact and the stakeholders relations were also analysed. In order to build a modern society it is really important to ensure well-being and to improve the living conditions. This work suggests technical recommendations proposals for a thermal centre such as the current thermal typological definition of construction to ensure high levels of quality and reliability requested by the international and Portuguese laws. The results achieved also allowed to characterise the changes that took place in the space built all over the years; the multiple components that thermal space-individual relationship defines and the definition of the current thermal typological construction in order to achieve the highest levels of quality.
Taking as the starting point the water element, the aim of this work was to inform about the multiple changes the thermal buildings in S. Pedro do Sul were object of, as well as the current thermal relations. When we analyse the several buildings’ characteristics through different times (since the roman foundation until the modern age) it was also given to know the history of hydrotherapy at local and national levels. At first it was analysed thermal springs’ history and concepts like: water, leisure, tourism, and others until we reached the hydrotherapy and medicinal buildings which are still built in Termas de S. Pedro do Sul. Thanks to data crossing of different nature (archaeological, cartographic and historical documents) it was possible to complete the existing templates and to understand the big historical phases of the thermal occupation (Roman, Medieval and Modern) as well as to analyse some specific aspects of the architectural evolution such as the functioning of a thermal centre: from its construction to its daily routine, pointing the difference between thermal and medical bath and the other spaces. However, to talk about thermal spaces we had to analyse the changes, including the radical ones that modernity brought into space/individual relationship, human experience, spaces denomination, mobility, practice flexibility, economy, adaption to new technologies and our own consciousness. Thermal architecture reflects the man-space relationship and its specific practices and rituals that promote different visions of the buildings’ construction. Through direct observation of the new areas/spaces and experiencing of users (therapists/thermal guests, participants and employees) linked to a study case, both the thermal centre territorial impact and the stakeholders relations were also analysed. In order to build a modern society it is really important to ensure well-being and to improve the living conditions. This work suggests technical recommendations proposals for a thermal centre such as the current thermal typological definition of construction to ensure high levels of quality and reliability requested by the international and Portuguese laws. The results achieved also allowed to characterise the changes that took place in the space built all over the years; the multiple components that thermal space-individual relationship defines and the definition of the current thermal typological construction in order to achieve the highest levels of quality.
Description
Keywords
Arquitetura - Edifícios termais - São Pedro do Sul Arquitetura - Turismo de saúde - São Pedro do Sul Espaço termais - História - São Pedro do Sul Edifícios - Flexibilidade de uso - São Pedro do Sul