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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: Considerando a esperança média de vida, todas as pessoas irão
experimentar pelo menos um problema de saúde ocular durante a sua vida e que vão
exigir tratamentos adequados. A deficiência visual pode ser induzida por outras
condições relacionadas com a idade, tal como a catarata. Uma catarata é qualquer
opacidade congénita ou adquirida, no cristalino ou na sua cápsula, que reduz a
qualidade da visão. A maioria das cataratas está relacionada com o envelhecimento.
Visto que as cataratas evoluem com o tempo, as pessoas que estão sem tratamento
sofrem um agravamento da condição, que pode levar à cegueira e a outras limitações
significativas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal desenvolver uma
revisão sistemática da literatura referente a prevalência da cegueira e deficiência visual
moderada a severa por catarata na Europa Ocidental, para uma idade igual ou superior
a 50 anos.
Métodos: Para o desenvolvimento desta revisão sistemática recorreu-se a artigos
científicos que exibem a prevalência de deficiência visual e cegueira por catarata na
região da Europa Ocidental com idade superior ou igual a 50 anos, de ambos os sexos.
Quanto a classificação da gravidade da deficiência visual e cegueira, os estudos deviam
utilizar o critério de deficiência visual e cegueira de acordo com a Organização Mundial
da Saúde. Durante o processo de identificação, triagem e inclusão de estudos, foi
utilizado o protocolo PRISMA - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews &
Meta-Analysis (Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-Análises).
Resultados: Durante a pesquisa inicial foram consultadas três bases de dados,
resultando na aquisição de 1442 referências. Após a análise pormenorizada destas
referências, restaram 6 artigos para serem incluídos neste trabalho de revisão. A seguir,
dos artigos selecionados, analisou-se as prevalências da deficiência visual moderada a
severa e cegueira, a prevalência da deficiência visual moderada a severa e cegueira por
cataratas na amostra total do estudo. A prevalência da deficiência visual moderada a
severa e cegueiras bilateral e por catarata na amostra total de cada estudo, variou num
intervalo de [0.00– 11.66] e [0.00 – 2.12], respetivamente.
Conclusão: Apesar dos vários tipos de intervenções a catarata continua a ser um
problema de saúde pública. A cirurgia a catarata ainda é uma das mais importantes
estratégias de intervenção para reduzir a prevalência de cegueira evitável. Deve ser
dada prioridade os esforços para reduzir o atraso dos pacientes que necessitam de operações da remoção da catarata. Uma das limitações deste trabalho foi a escassa
quantidade de informação compatível com o tema. Outra limitação que se destacou foi
a difícil comparação de prevalências em estudos por causa de razões como o critério de
classificação da condição, número de amostragem, modo de recolha da amostra, faixa
etária em estudo, faixa etária mais predominante.
Introduction: Considering the average life expectancy, all people will experience at least one eye health problem during their lifetime, requiring appropriate treatments. Visual impairment may be induced by other age-related conditions such as cataract. A cataract is any congenital or acquired opacity, in the lens or its capsule, that reduces the quality of vision. Most cataracts are age-related. Since cataracts evolve over time, untreated people experience a worsening of the condition, which can lead to blindness and other significant limitations. The main objective of this study is to develop a systematic review of the literature concerning the prevalence of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment due to cataract in Western Europe for age 50 years and older. Methodology: This systematic review used scientific articles that showed the prevalence of visual impairment and cataract blindness in the Western European region aged 50 years and over, of both sexes. For the classification of the severity of visual impairment and blindness, the studies must use the criteria of visual impairment and blindness according to the World Health Organization. During the identification, screening and inclusion of studies, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews, and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) protocol was used. Results: During the initial search the three databases were consulted, resulting in the acquisition of 1442 references. The references were detailed analyzed and these 6 articles were included in this review. The prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness, prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment and cataract blindness in the total study sample were analyzed. The prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment and bilateral cataract blindness in the total sample of each study ranged in a range of [0.00- 11.66] and [0.00 - 2.12], respectively. Conclusion: Despite various types of interventions, cataract remains a public health problem. Cataract surgery is still one of the most important intervention strategies to reduce the prevalence of avoidable blindness. Priority should be given to efforts to reduce the backlog of patients requiring cataract removal operations. One of the limitations of this work was the scarce amount of information compatible with the topic. Another limitation that stood out was the difficult comparison of prevalence across studies because of reasons such as condition classification criteria, number of samplings, mode of sample collection, age group under study, most prevalent age group.
Introduction: Considering the average life expectancy, all people will experience at least one eye health problem during their lifetime, requiring appropriate treatments. Visual impairment may be induced by other age-related conditions such as cataract. A cataract is any congenital or acquired opacity, in the lens or its capsule, that reduces the quality of vision. Most cataracts are age-related. Since cataracts evolve over time, untreated people experience a worsening of the condition, which can lead to blindness and other significant limitations. The main objective of this study is to develop a systematic review of the literature concerning the prevalence of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment due to cataract in Western Europe for age 50 years and older. Methodology: This systematic review used scientific articles that showed the prevalence of visual impairment and cataract blindness in the Western European region aged 50 years and over, of both sexes. For the classification of the severity of visual impairment and blindness, the studies must use the criteria of visual impairment and blindness according to the World Health Organization. During the identification, screening and inclusion of studies, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews, and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) protocol was used. Results: During the initial search the three databases were consulted, resulting in the acquisition of 1442 references. The references were detailed analyzed and these 6 articles were included in this review. The prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness, prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment and cataract blindness in the total study sample were analyzed. The prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment and bilateral cataract blindness in the total sample of each study ranged in a range of [0.00- 11.66] and [0.00 - 2.12], respectively. Conclusion: Despite various types of interventions, cataract remains a public health problem. Cataract surgery is still one of the most important intervention strategies to reduce the prevalence of avoidable blindness. Priority should be given to efforts to reduce the backlog of patients requiring cataract removal operations. One of the limitations of this work was the scarce amount of information compatible with the topic. Another limitation that stood out was the difficult comparison of prevalence across studies because of reasons such as condition classification criteria, number of samplings, mode of sample collection, age group under study, most prevalent age group.
Description
Keywords
Catarata Cegueira Deficiência Visual Moderada a Severa Europa Ocidental Prevalências