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Abstract(s)
Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo avaliar a influência de diversos fatores nas dificuldades de aprendizagem e alterações do comportamento, relacionando esses dados com o eletroencefalograma.
Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal e retrospetivo com 96 crianças, de idades compreendidas entre os 4 e os 18 anos com dificuldades de aprendizagem e alterações do comportamento que efetuaram um eletroencefalograma entre outubro de 2007 e setembro de 2012 no Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira. Foi recolhida a informação clínica e definiram-se seis principais grupos de variáveis. Para analisar os dados foram aplicados alguns conceitos de estatística descritiva, e para verificar se as variáveis em estudo influenciavam o resultado do eletroencefalograma, foram aplicadas técnicas de inferência estatística, incluindo alguns testes paramétricos e não paramétricos. Também se procurou saber se os resultados das variáveis dependiam do género da criança.
Resultados: Relativamente ao género e às caraterísticas da gravidez e do parto, vimos que 75% das crianças são do género masculino e 25% do género feminino; relacionamos o tipo de parto e o tipo de gravidez com o encefalograma obtendo um p-value=0,001 e de p-value=0,019 respetivamente. Em relação às alterações clínicas, relacionamos as doenças e a medicação da criança com o eletroencefalograma obtendo um p-value=0,001 e um p-value=0,000, respetivamente. Quanto ao eletroencefalograma 65,6% destes são normais, 17,7% têm aumento da atividade lenta, em 10,4% há presença de atividade paroxística focal, em 4,2% há atividade paroxística generalizada e 2,2% evidenciaram reação paroxística a estímulos luminosos intermitentes. Analisando a situação profissional e a escolaridade dos pais verificamos que a depressão é a doença mais prevalente afetando 24,0% das mães. As caraterísticas do meio envolvente é uma variável importante do estudo, e observou-se que 39,6% das crianças vivem num meio permissivo, 21,9% num meio de violência doméstica, 13,5% apresentam falta de acompanhamento pelos cuidadores e 7,3% das crianças têm um bom ambiente familiar, não existem dados relativos às restantes 17,7% das crianças.
Conclusão: De acordo com os dados obtidos concluímos que há uma predominância do género masculino. Vimos também que a estrutura e a dinâmica familiar têm uma grande influência nas alterações de comportamento e dificuldades de aprendizagem, pela observação das elevadas percentagens referentes a alguns níveis das variáveis, nomeadamente o abuso do álcool, o consumo de tabaco, a baixa escolaridade dos pais, a permissividade, a violência doméstica, a falta de acompanhamento social e escolar e a depressão materna. Concluímos ainda que as comorbilidades das crianças no momento do diagnóstico, a medicação da criança, o tipo de gravidez e o tipo de parto influenciam o resultado do eletroencefalograma.
Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of several factors on behavioral disorders and learning disabilities and correlating those data with the electroencephalogram. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 96 children aged 4 to 18 years with learning disabilities and behavioral disorders who conducted a electroencephalogram at Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira between October 2007 and September 2012. Clinical information was collected and six main study variables were defined. To characterize data we applied some concepts of descriptive statistics, and to verify if the electroencephalogram is influenced by the studied variables, we applied some techniques of statistical inference, including some parametric and nonparametric tests. We also tried to find out if the results of the variables are influence by the gender of the child. Results: In relation to gender and pregnancy and childbirth characteristics we found that 75% of children were male and 25% were female; relating the type of delivery and the type of pregnancy with the electroencephalogram we obtained a p-value=0,001 and a p-value=0,019 respectively. In regard to the clinical alterations we also relate the child’s disease and medication with the electroencephalogram obtaining a p-value=0.001 and p-value=0,000 respectively. As to the electroencephalogram, 65,6% of them were normal, 17,7% with increase slow activity, 10,4% with focal paroxysmal activity, 4,2% with generalized paroxysmal activity and 2,1% had paroxysmal activity with intermittent light stimulation. Analyzing the employment status and educational level of parents we found that depression was the most prevalent disease affecting 24,0% of mothers. The characteristics of child's environment is an important variable of the study, and we observed that 39,6% of children lived in a permissive environment, 21,9% in an environment of domestic violence, 13,5% with lack of follow-up by caretakers and 7,3% had good family environment, there was no data on the remaining 17,7%. Conclusion: In accordance with the obtained data we found that there was a predominance of the male gender in the studied population. We also concluded that structure and family dynamics have a major influence on the behavioral changes and learning disabilities, by observing high percentages related to certain levels of variables, in particular the abuse of alcohol and tobacco consumption, educational level, permissiveness, domestic violence, lack of social and educational support and mother's depression. We also concluded that comorbilities presented by children at diagnosis, child’s medication, type of pregnancy and type of delivery influence the electroencephalogram.
Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of several factors on behavioral disorders and learning disabilities and correlating those data with the electroencephalogram. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 96 children aged 4 to 18 years with learning disabilities and behavioral disorders who conducted a electroencephalogram at Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira between October 2007 and September 2012. Clinical information was collected and six main study variables were defined. To characterize data we applied some concepts of descriptive statistics, and to verify if the electroencephalogram is influenced by the studied variables, we applied some techniques of statistical inference, including some parametric and nonparametric tests. We also tried to find out if the results of the variables are influence by the gender of the child. Results: In relation to gender and pregnancy and childbirth characteristics we found that 75% of children were male and 25% were female; relating the type of delivery and the type of pregnancy with the electroencephalogram we obtained a p-value=0,001 and a p-value=0,019 respectively. In regard to the clinical alterations we also relate the child’s disease and medication with the electroencephalogram obtaining a p-value=0.001 and p-value=0,000 respectively. As to the electroencephalogram, 65,6% of them were normal, 17,7% with increase slow activity, 10,4% with focal paroxysmal activity, 4,2% with generalized paroxysmal activity and 2,1% had paroxysmal activity with intermittent light stimulation. Analyzing the employment status and educational level of parents we found that depression was the most prevalent disease affecting 24,0% of mothers. The characteristics of child's environment is an important variable of the study, and we observed that 39,6% of children lived in a permissive environment, 21,9% in an environment of domestic violence, 13,5% with lack of follow-up by caretakers and 7,3% had good family environment, there was no data on the remaining 17,7%. Conclusion: In accordance with the obtained data we found that there was a predominance of the male gender in the studied population. We also concluded that structure and family dynamics have a major influence on the behavioral changes and learning disabilities, by observing high percentages related to certain levels of variables, in particular the abuse of alcohol and tobacco consumption, educational level, permissiveness, domestic violence, lack of social and educational support and mother's depression. We also concluded that comorbilities presented by children at diagnosis, child’s medication, type of pregnancy and type of delivery influence the electroencephalogram.
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Keywords
Dificuldades de aprendizagem - Criança - 4-18 anos Alteração de comportamento - Criança - 4-18 anos Criança - Alteração eletroencefalográfica Electroencefalograma - Criança - 2007-2012
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Publisher
Universidade da Beira Interior