Browsing by Author "Veiga, Mariana Gomes"
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- Inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide actions in human prostate cells: A role as a procarcinogen factor?Publication . Veiga, Mariana Gomes; Socorro, Silvia Cristina da Cruz Marques; Fonseca, Lara Raquel dos SantosLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a well-known inflammatory agent capable of influencing several hallmarks of cancer, such as cell proliferation, migration and metabolism. Also, it has been established that LPS deregulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. However, its effect in the metabolic reprogramming of PCa cells remains largely unknown. The present dissertation aims to investigate the effect of LPS in the metabolic reprogramming of PCa cells and the interplay of this effect with other hallmarks of cancer. Androgen-responsive (22Rv1) and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) cells (DU145) were treated with a concentration range of LPS (0 – 1000 ug/ mL) for 6 and 24 h. PCa cells viability and proliferation were assessed by MTT assay and Ki67 fluorescent immunocytochemistry, respectively. Caspase-3–like activity was used to evaluate apoptosis. Furthermore, the wound healing assay was used to evaluate migration. Glucose and fatty acid (FA) consumption, lactate production and nitrite content were analysed spectrophotometrically. The Oil Red O assay was performed to evaluate the amount of neutral lipid droplets. The obtained results show that LPS increased cell viability and proliferation in both PCa cell lines and displayed a timedependent effect on nitrite content and caspase-3-like activity. Additionally, LPS exposure augmented the migration of androgen-sensitive and CRPC cell lines. Concerning the glycolytic metabolism, LPS increased lactate production in the androgenresponsive PCa cells, though no alterations were observed in glucose consumption. In CRPC cells, the treatment with LPS increased glucose consumption and altered lactate production in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, LPS treatment enhanced the consumption of FA by DU145 whilst, no alterations were observed in the lipid content in both PCa cell lines. Altogether, the present findings demonstrate that LPS alters the behaviour and metabolism of PCa cells, favouring the progression and aggressiveness of the disease. Therefore, the obtained findings highly support the pro-carcinogenic role of LPS, advocating the relationship of bacteriome as oncogenic drivers in the tumour microenvironment and opening new doors to future research regarding the involvement of LPS in prostate carcinogenesis.