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- Elite Performance in Futsal - towards an integrative approach of physical to individual tactical actionsPublication . Ribeiro, João Nuno Gonçalves; Travassos, Bruno Filipe Rama; Sampaio, António Jaime da Eira; Couceiro, Micael SantosThis work aims to investigate the physical demands of the futsal match-play to provide precise information to optimize the athletes' physical monitoring systems, to identify, throughout its development, the most reliable methodological assumptions for the collection of external load data, as well as its integration with different contexts (physical, tactical and technical analysis). Six studies were conducted in this regard, with the goals of a) identifying the different variables of a physical monitoring system and their influence on the individual performance of the player and the team; b) investigating the physical demands of the futsal modality, identifying the different activity profiles and the best metrics to analyze the match; c) investigating the intra and inter physical variability of players over a congested period; and d) investigating the high physical variability of players; e) investigate high-intensity activities in their various properties throughout the match, as well as in the various positions that players occupy on the field; and f) identify individual tactical actions that players perform in high-intensity activities (acceleration, deceleration, and high-intensity running) in various positions. The overall findings of this thesis highlight the significance of implementing a monitoring system in futsal athletes, and study 1 identified the CMJ-cv as a key variable to be monitored, which has an impact on individual performance and team collective performance. Furthermore, according to the findings of study 2, it was discovered that it is possible to add external load data to these monitoring systems, allowing us to individualize the work in the different activity profiles through the variables that best represent the game's demands, which can be divided into three dimensions: kinematic (distance covered per minute and distance covered at different thresholds), mechanical (deceleration), and metabolic (metabolic power). Similarly, elite futsal players were found to be able to maintain their physical performance between the first and second halves of the match in the same study. In study 3, players demonstrated their ability to maintain physical performance during congested periods (3 games in 4 days), but the importance of playing time was highlighted to better understand the variability in individual players' performance. These findings prompted us to investigate the physical performance through players' rotations that were performed on the field, and we discovered, through study 4, that game time is not the only important factor to monitor, but also the rest time between rotations. In this regard, study 5 shows that the first player rotation on the field is the most physically demanding and that high-intensity activities must be monitored not only in terms of total frequency (n) but also over time-frequency (time (s) between the occurrence of one high-intensity activity and another) and work-rate (distance covered in high-intensity activities per minute of rotation (m/min). In an attempt to contextualize the high-intensity activities of the futsal match, study 6 shows that the physical demands of the players are related to the specific function of their position on the field, with the frequency and type of individual tactical actions revealed as the variables that distinguish the different profiles of activity in the different positions. This result is related to the fact that individual tactical actions with and without the ball (acceleration and high-intensity running) necessarily require different physical demands. In conclusion, the findings suggest that a proper physical monitoring system with methodological procedures tailored to the specificity of the modality, as well as the incorporation of various game contextual factors, allows for individual monitoring of players based on their activity profile or position, to improve individual and collective team performance. Furthermore, it can provide accurate information to technical staff to develop training exercises that best replicate the demanding competitive environment.