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- Power Management Control Strategy Based on Artificial Neural Networks for Standalone PV Applications with a Hybrid Energy Storage SystemPublication . Faria, João; Pombo, José; Calado, M. do Rosário; Mariano, S.Standalone microgrids with photovoltaic (PV) solutions could be a promising solution for powering up off-grid communities. However, this type of application requires the use of energy storage systems (ESS) to manage the intermittency of PV production. The most commonly used ESSs are lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion), but this technology has a low lifespan, mostly caused by the imposed stress. To reduce the stress on Li-ion batteries and extend their lifespan, hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) began to emerge. Although the utilization of HESSs has demonstrated great potential to make up for the limitations of Li-ion batteries, a proper power management strategy is key to achieving the HESS objectives and ensuring a harmonized system operation. This paper proposes a novel power management strategy based on an artificial neural network for a standalone PV system with Li-ion batteries and super-capacitors (SC) HESS. A typical standalone PV system is used to demonstrate and validate the performance of the proposed power management strategy. To demonstrate its effectiveness, computational simulations with short and long duration were performed. The results show a minimization in Li-ion battery dynamic stress and peak current, leading to an increased lifespan of Li-ion batteries. Moreover, the proposed power management strategy increases the level of SC utilization in comparison with other well-established strategies in the literature.
- Power Management Strategy for Standalone PV Applications with Hybrid Energy Storage SystemPublication . Faria, João; Pombo, José Álvaro Nunes; Mariano, S.; Calado, M. do RosárioHybrid energy storage systems that combine the high density power of the supercapacitors with the high energy density of the Li-ion batteries have been substantially researched, with great interest. This manuscript proposes a new power management strategy implemented using the Rule based controller which considers the state of charge of the Li-ion batteries (SOC). The Li-ion batteries are used to provide a steady and constant power, function of the state of charge (SOC), enabling a higher efficiency and extending batteries lifespan. A typical standalone PV application is used to demonstrate and validate the performance of the proposed power management strategy.
- Optimal Sizing of Renewable Energy Communities: A Multiple Swarms Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization ApproachPublication . Faria, João; Marques, Carlos; Pombo, José; Mariano, Sílvio; Calado, M. do RosárioRenewable energy communities have gained popularity as a means of reducing carbon emissions and enhancing energy independence. However, determining the optimal sizing for each production and storage unit within these communities poses challenges due to conflicting objectives, such as minimizing costs while maximizing energy production. To address this issue, this paper employs a Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm with multiple swarms. This approach aims to foster a broader diversity of solutions while concurrently ensuring a good plurality of nondominant solutions that define a Pareto frontier. To evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of this approach, four case studies with different energy management strategies focused on real-world operations were evaluated, aiming to replicate the practical challenges encountered in actual renewable energy communities. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in determining the optimal size of production and storage units within renewable energy communities, while simultaneously addressing multiple conflicting objectives, including economic viability and flexibility, specifically Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Self-Consumption Ratio (SCR) and Self-Sufficiency Ratio (SSR). The findings also provide valuable insights that clarify which energy management strategies are most suitable for this type of community.