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Energetics, Biomechanics, and Performance in Masters' Swimmers: A Systematic Review

2016-07Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Maria I
dc.contributor.authorBarbosa, Tiago M.
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Mário Jorge
dc.contributor.authorNeiva, Henrique
dc.contributor.authorMarinho, Daniel
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-13T17:20:02Z
dc.date.available2020-02-13T17:20:02Z
dc.date.issued2016-07
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed to summarize evidence on masters' swimmers energetics, biomechanics, and performance gathered in selected studies. An expanded search was conducted on 6 databases, conference proceedings, and department files. Fifteen studies were selected for further analysis. A qualitative evaluation of the studies based on the Quality Index (QI) was performed by 2 independent reviewers. The studies were thereafter classified into 3 domains according to the reported data: performance (10 studies), energetics (4 studies), and biomechanics (6 studies). The selected 15 articles included in this review presented low QI scores (mean score, 10.47 points). The biomechanics domain obtained higher QI (11.5 points), followed by energetics and performance (10.6 and 9.9 points, respectively). Stroke frequency (SF) and stroke length (SL) were both influenced by aging, although SF is more affected than SL. Propelling efficiency (ηp) decreased with age. Swimming performance declined with age. The performance declines with age having male swimmers deliver better performances than female counterparts, although this difference tends to be narrow in long-distance events. One single longitudinal study is found in the literature reporting the changes in performance over time. The remaining studies are cross-sectional designs focusing on the energetics and biomechanics. Overall, biomechanics parameters, such as SF, SL, and ηp, tend to decrease with age. This review shows the lack of a solid body of knowledge (reflected in the amount and quality of the articles published) on the changes in biomechanics, energetics, and performance of master swimmers over time. The training programs for this age-group should aim to preserve the energetics as much as possible and, concurrently, improve the technique. Training sessions should feature a higher percentage of technical drills with the goal of enhancing the swim technique. Another goal should be the association of technique enhancement with aerobic and anaerobic sets, enabling the swimmer to improve the swimming efficiency.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1519/JSC.0000000000001279pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9263
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.subjectAgedpt_PT
dc.subjectAgingpt_PT
dc.subjectAthletic Performancept_PT
dc.subjectBiomechanical Phenomenapt_PT
dc.subjectEnergy Metabolismpt_PT
dc.subjectFemalept_PT
dc.subjectHumanspt_PT
dc.subjectMalept_PT
dc.subjectSwimmingpt_PT
dc.titleEnergetics, Biomechanics, and Performance in Masters' Swimmers: A Systematic Reviewpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage2081pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue7pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage2069-81pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Strength and Conditioning Researchpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume30pt_PT
person.familyNameBarbosa
person.familyNameCosta
person.familyNameNeiva
person.familyNameMarinho
person.givenNameTiago M.
person.givenNameMário Jorge
person.givenNameHenrique
person.givenNameDaniel
person.identifier1007580
person.identifier588266
person.identifier.ciencia-id8B11-BDC4-F6FF
person.identifier.ciencia-idC210-1290-9402
person.identifier.ciencia-id8B1F-4EDD-8754
person.identifier.ciencia-id471B-F3CC-479A
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7071-2116
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5502-1202
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9283-312X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2351-3047
person.identifier.ridM-5893-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id10044856400
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35730781900
person.identifier.scopus-author-id37079568500
person.identifier.scopus-author-id15022568500
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationba742ddc-ae48-410f-b1d9-b69494c9eba5
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationf9abfd58-41be-4523-9b73-fbe836862df4
relation.isAuthorOfPublication84e6965e-e802-42d2-994e-308b421a167e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication1b7a1cda-cf15-4686-bb08-1ac47b66b314
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery84e6965e-e802-42d2-994e-308b421a167e

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