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Abstract(s)
O transporte aéreo é amplamente reconhecido pelos seus benefícios económicos e sociais, tornando-se, actualmente, num meio imprescindível e cada vez mais associado ao desenvolvimento das sociedades em geral. Infelizmente, este também gera externalidades negativas que afectam o bem-estar, não só dos utilizadores mas também de terceiros, sem que haja qualquer compensação ou pagamento. Estudos sobre os impactes das externalidades e os seus efeitos vêm sido abordados há algum tempo, sendo do consenso geral, que estas deveriam ser avaliadas e internalizadas nos custos totais para que esta ineficiência de mercado fosse resolvida e os efeitos adversos fossem reflectidos no preço final garantindo um desenvolvimento sustentável da aviação. Várias medidas tem sido apresentadas como formas de reduzir os impactes negativos do transporte aéreo, no entanto, muitos, incluindo a Comissão Europeia, consideram lenta a implementação destas por parte da indústria de aviação. Daí, surgiram como opção os instrumentos económicos considerados como “forma mais eficiente para limitar os efeitos adversos do transporte.”
Neste sentido, realizou-se este estudo com o intuito de analisar e avaliar não só os impactes efectivos de externalidades associadas ao transporte aéreo, como também os instrumentos e as medidas que permitam a respectiva internalização dos custos no preço final. Os resultados obtidos com os casos de estudo indicam com detalhe os valores monetários dos custos externos do ruído e da poluição associados ao transporte aéreo em Portugal e em Cabo Verde, entre 2000 e 2015, e permitem vislumbrar o peso que estes custos terão nos orçamentos para a saúde se se mantiverem as condições actuais.
Air transport is widely recognized for its economic and social benefits, becoming, at present, in a vital mean and increasingly associated with the development of the societies. Unfortunately, it also generates negative externalities, which affects not only the users but others, without any payment or compensation. Studies on impacts of externalities and their effects have been addressed for some time; it’s from general agreement that these external costs should be evaluated and internalized in the total costs so this market inefficiency were resolved and the adverse effects were reflected in the final price ensuring a sustainable development of aviation. Several measures have been presented as ways to reduce the negative impacts of air transport, however, many, including the European Commission, consider the implementation of these measures by the aviation industry too slow. Hence, economic instruments emerged as alternative and considered as "the most efficient way to limit the adverse effects of transport." In this sense, this study took place in order to analyze and evaluate not only the actual impacts of the various externalities associated with air transport, but also the instruments and measures enabling the internalization of external costs in the final price. The results of the case studies show in detail the monetary values of the external costs of noise and air pollution associated with air transport in Portugal and Cape Verde, between 2000 and 2015, and allows to glimpse the burden that these costs will have on the budgets for health, if current conditions are maintained.
Air transport is widely recognized for its economic and social benefits, becoming, at present, in a vital mean and increasingly associated with the development of the societies. Unfortunately, it also generates negative externalities, which affects not only the users but others, without any payment or compensation. Studies on impacts of externalities and their effects have been addressed for some time; it’s from general agreement that these external costs should be evaluated and internalized in the total costs so this market inefficiency were resolved and the adverse effects were reflected in the final price ensuring a sustainable development of aviation. Several measures have been presented as ways to reduce the negative impacts of air transport, however, many, including the European Commission, consider the implementation of these measures by the aviation industry too slow. Hence, economic instruments emerged as alternative and considered as "the most efficient way to limit the adverse effects of transport." In this sense, this study took place in order to analyze and evaluate not only the actual impacts of the various externalities associated with air transport, but also the instruments and measures enabling the internalization of external costs in the final price. The results of the case studies show in detail the monetary values of the external costs of noise and air pollution associated with air transport in Portugal and Cape Verde, between 2000 and 2015, and allows to glimpse the burden that these costs will have on the budgets for health, if current conditions are maintained.
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Keywords
Transporte aéreo Transporte aéreo - Poluição atmosférica Transporte aéreo - Ruído Transporte aéreo - Poluição atmosférica Transporte aéreo - Impacto ambiental