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Abstract(s)
Os incêndios florestais são responsáveis pelos maiores prejuízos possíveis de serem causados às florestas, quer pela sua rapidez, quer pela dificuldade de controlo.
Portugal é o país da Bacia Mediterrânica (que inclui ainda Espanha, França, Itália e Grécia) com o maior número de ocorrências todos os anos. Ano pós ano Portugal ocupa um lugar de destaque relativamente aos flagelos dos incêndios florestais. No decorrer do ano 2009 arderam no território nacional 82.000 hectares, tendo o Concelho da Guarda uma área total ardida de 5.378 hectares.
Sintetizando, os incêndios são o principal factor limitativo do desenvolvimento sustentável da floresta e como tal é necessário preveni-los.
Este estudo pretende abordar o maior e mais grave problema que afecta as florestas em Portugal – os incêndios florestais. Além do tratamento estatístico que nos permitem caracterizar os períodos recentes, relativamente ao número de ocorrências e do número de área ardida. Pretende-se também abordar a temática do comportamento e propagação dos incêndios florestais. Esta abordagem é indispensável, na medida em que para se planearem estratégias de combate a incêndios florestais é importante conhecer o comportamento e as diversas formas de propagação do fogo.
Este trabalho pretende também dar a conhecer a realidade de um dos concelhos que tem vindo sucessivamente a ser devastado pelos incêndios florestais em Portugal (o Concelho da Guarda). Para tal, procedeu-se à caracterização de diversos indicadores, que nos permitem estabelecer relações com o elevado número de ocorrências e de área ardida no Concelho da Guarda. Este trabalho pretende ainda explorar as potencialidades dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) (Geographical Information Systems), na prevenção e como ferramenta de apoio ao combate a incêndios florestais. Estas ferramentas permitem compreender a realidade existente no concelho face à propagação de grandes incêndios florestais e planeamento e ordenamento do território.
São ainda apresentadas e discutidas algumas relações entre o número de ocorrências, área ardida, densidade populacional e ocupação de solo.
Por último, pretende-se apresentar algumas soluções que permitam inverter o flagelo dos incêndios florestais no Concelho da Guarda.
Forest wildfires are the main cause of the largest damages to forests for its fastness and control difficulties. Portugal is the country within the Mediterranean margin (including Spain, France, Italy and Greece) with the largest number of occurrences every year. Year after year Portugal occupies the highest ranking concerning the wildfires disasters. During the year of 2009 about 82.000 hectares were destroyed, with the municipality of Guarda obtaining a total burnt area of 5.378 hectares. In resume, wildfires are the main limitation factor for sustainable forest development and it is then necessary to prevent it. On this work it is presented an approach to the largest and more serious problem affecting Portuguese forests – wildfires. Besides statistical analysis allowing recent years characterization, concerning number of occurrences and burnt area, it is also referenced the behavior and propagation of wildfires. This approach is essential as it is necessary for planning wildfires combat strategies to know the behavior and propagation methods of fire. It will also be presents the reality of one of the most devastated municipalities by wildfires in Portugal (Guarda municipality). Several factors were characterized allowing to established relations between the very high number of occurrences and burnt area at Guarda municipality. In order to obtain such relations a GIS (Geographical Information System) was used as well as to establish its utility as a tool for wildfire prevention and combat aid. These tools allow to understand the reality of the municipality concerning large wildfires and territorial planning. Relations between the number of occurrences, burnt area population and soil use is presented and its consequences are discussed. Finally some possible solutions are presented in order to prevent forest wildfires at Guarda municipality.
Forest wildfires are the main cause of the largest damages to forests for its fastness and control difficulties. Portugal is the country within the Mediterranean margin (including Spain, France, Italy and Greece) with the largest number of occurrences every year. Year after year Portugal occupies the highest ranking concerning the wildfires disasters. During the year of 2009 about 82.000 hectares were destroyed, with the municipality of Guarda obtaining a total burnt area of 5.378 hectares. In resume, wildfires are the main limitation factor for sustainable forest development and it is then necessary to prevent it. On this work it is presented an approach to the largest and more serious problem affecting Portuguese forests – wildfires. Besides statistical analysis allowing recent years characterization, concerning number of occurrences and burnt area, it is also referenced the behavior and propagation of wildfires. This approach is essential as it is necessary for planning wildfires combat strategies to know the behavior and propagation methods of fire. It will also be presents the reality of one of the most devastated municipalities by wildfires in Portugal (Guarda municipality). Several factors were characterized allowing to established relations between the very high number of occurrences and burnt area at Guarda municipality. In order to obtain such relations a GIS (Geographical Information System) was used as well as to establish its utility as a tool for wildfire prevention and combat aid. These tools allow to understand the reality of the municipality concerning large wildfires and territorial planning. Relations between the number of occurrences, burnt area population and soil use is presented and its consequences are discussed. Finally some possible solutions are presented in order to prevent forest wildfires at Guarda municipality.
Description
Keywords
Sistemas de informação geográfica Sistemas de informação geográfica - Incêndios florestais