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Abstract(s)
As alterações climáticas constituem um fenómeno com impacto em distintos setores da
sociedade. A Península Ibérica é considerada um hotspot deste impacto atualmente e
em cenários climáticos futuros, para os quais se prevê o aumento da severidade dos
verões e da ocorrência de eventos extemos, e invernos ainda rigorosos em muitas
regiões.
No âmbito da habitação social, uma parte relevante deste parque foi construída antes
da introdução de regulamentação térmica e o recurso a sistemas ativos de
aquecimento/arrefecimento é fortemente afetado pelo fenómeno da pobreza
energética, pelo que os desafios do clima terão uma considerável repercussão no
aumento da exigência dos desempenhos térmicos e de conforto. Torna-se, portanto,
imperativo assegurar as adequadas condições de saúde e bem-estar dos residentes.
No presente estudo, desenvolvido na região da Beira Interior e ampliado a outras
localidades da Península Ibérica (costeiras e do interior), pretende-se definir as
melhores medidas de reabilitação construtiva – estratégias passivas aplicáveis à
envolvente construtiva – para uma adaptação adequada destes edifícios ao clima atual e
futuro, considerando a avaliação do conforto térmico e do sobreaquecimento segundo a
abordagem adaptativa.
Para o efeito, foram definidos dois objetivos principais. O primeiro objetivo principal –
proceder à avaliação qualitativa e à execução de uma campanha experimental em
apartamentos de habitação social não reabilitados – permitiu concluir que os edifícios
no seu estado atual não garantem uma resposta adequada aos desafios do clima. Para o
segundo objetivo principal – identificar as medidas de reabilitação construtiva com
melhores resultados no inverno e verão em climas atuais e futuros, assim como para
eventos extremos, e propor uma matriz de reabilitação construtiva – foi efetuado um
estudo de sensibilidade recorrendo à simulação numérica. A partir de um modelo
numérico calibrado, correspondente a um edifício tomado como Caso de Estudo, foi
estudada a influência da aplicação de um conjunto de medidas na melhoria do
desempenho térmico para distintos cenários climáticos e eventos extremos, de modo a
reduzir o desconforto térmico e o sobreaquecimento.
Foi concluído que o impacto das alterações climáticas torna menos necessário o reforço
do isolamento térmico no inverno e mais necessário o reforço da ventilação no verão. A
matriz de reabilitação construtiva indica que a adaptação dos edifícios requer ir além do cumprimento de requisitos definidos por legislação, sendo pouco heterogénea para
cada localidade e entre localidades: o reforço do isolamento térmico e da ventilação são
frequentemente recomendados para todos os cenários climáticos e eventos extremos.
Climate change is a phenomenon that impacts different sectors of society. The Iberian Peninsula is considered a hotspot of this impact, currently and in future climate scenarios. An increase in the severity of summers and the occurrence of extreme events is expected, and winters will still be rigorous in many regions. Regarding social housing, a relevant part of its stock was built before the introduction of thermal regulations. Thus, the use of active heating/cooling systems is strongly affected by energy poverty. Therefore, climate challenges will have a considerable impact on increasing demands on thermal and comfort performance. Ensuring adequate health and well-being conditions for residents is imperative. This study was developed in Beira Interior region, Portugal, and expanded to other locations in the Iberian Peninsula (coastal and inland). Its aim is to define the best constructive retrofit measures – passive strategies applicable to the building envelope – for an adequate building adaptation to current and future climates, considering thermal comfort and overheating assessment according to the adaptive model. Two main objectives were defined. The first main objective – carrying out a qualitative assessment and an experimental campaign in non-retrofitted social housing dwellings – led to the conclusion that buildings in their current state do not guarantee an adequate response to climate challenges. For the second main objective – identify the constructive retrofit measures with best results in winter and summer for current and future climate scenarios, as well as for extreme events, and to propose a constructive retrofit matrix – a sensitivity analysis was carried out using numerical simulations. A calibrated case study model was used, and a set of retrofit measures was applied and studied for different climate scenarios and extreme events, in order to improve thermal performance and reduce thermal discomfort and overheating. It was concluded that the impact of climate change makes it less necessary to increase thermal insulation in winter, and more necessary to use higher ventilation rates in summer. The constructive retrofit matrix indicates that the adaptation of buildings requires more than compliance with requirements defined by legislation, showing little heterogeneity for each location and between locations. Increased thermal insulation and ventilation rates are often recommended for all climate scenarios and extreme events.
Climate change is a phenomenon that impacts different sectors of society. The Iberian Peninsula is considered a hotspot of this impact, currently and in future climate scenarios. An increase in the severity of summers and the occurrence of extreme events is expected, and winters will still be rigorous in many regions. Regarding social housing, a relevant part of its stock was built before the introduction of thermal regulations. Thus, the use of active heating/cooling systems is strongly affected by energy poverty. Therefore, climate challenges will have a considerable impact on increasing demands on thermal and comfort performance. Ensuring adequate health and well-being conditions for residents is imperative. This study was developed in Beira Interior region, Portugal, and expanded to other locations in the Iberian Peninsula (coastal and inland). Its aim is to define the best constructive retrofit measures – passive strategies applicable to the building envelope – for an adequate building adaptation to current and future climates, considering thermal comfort and overheating assessment according to the adaptive model. Two main objectives were defined. The first main objective – carrying out a qualitative assessment and an experimental campaign in non-retrofitted social housing dwellings – led to the conclusion that buildings in their current state do not guarantee an adequate response to climate challenges. For the second main objective – identify the constructive retrofit measures with best results in winter and summer for current and future climate scenarios, as well as for extreme events, and to propose a constructive retrofit matrix – a sensitivity analysis was carried out using numerical simulations. A calibrated case study model was used, and a set of retrofit measures was applied and studied for different climate scenarios and extreme events, in order to improve thermal performance and reduce thermal discomfort and overheating. It was concluded that the impact of climate change makes it less necessary to increase thermal insulation in winter, and more necessary to use higher ventilation rates in summer. The constructive retrofit matrix indicates that the adaptation of buildings requires more than compliance with requirements defined by legislation, showing little heterogeneity for each location and between locations. Increased thermal insulation and ventilation rates are often recommended for all climate scenarios and extreme events.
Description
Keywords
Alterações climáticas Habitação social Pobreza energética Reabilitação construtiva Conforto térmico adaptativo Sobreaquecimento