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Abstract(s)
O transporte aĆ©reo Ć© um sector de atividade com externalidades positivas e negativas, sendo a positiva, todas as receitas diretas e indiretas associadas ao transporte aĆ©reo, e por outro lado a negativa, sĆ£o os gases de efeito de estufa e de ruĆdo, com custos de impactos na saĆŗde publica, agricultura, biodiversidade entres outros recursos naturais, constituindo uma grande preocupaĆ§Ć£o para as entidades internacionais que regulam este sector de atividade tendo em conta a influĆŖncia deste efeito no nosso quotidiano. A ICAO vem implementando regulamentos na contenĆ§Ć£o dessas externalidades, como inovaĆ§Ć£o tecnolĆ³gica, na melhoria de consumo de combustĆvel e eficiĆŖncia energĆ©tica, juntamente com as empresas fabricantes.
Este trabalho realƧa os resultados de aproximaĆ§Ć£o de externalidades (RuĆdos e GEE) associadas ao transporte aĆ©reo em SĆ£o TomĆ© e PrĆncipe no ciclo LTO padronizada pela ICAO na polĆtica de mitigaĆ§Ć£o de poluentes dos motores das aeronaves, que tĆŖm como consequĆŖncia a proliferaĆ§Ć£o do GĆ”s de efeito de Estufa que tem degradado o meio ambiente e a saĆŗde publica. Este trabalho teve como base os dados estatĆsticos dos anos 2016 e 2017 do INAC, onde foram analisados os movimentos, rotas, trĆ”fego e as frotas das aeronaves das operadoras que operam no aeroporto internacional de SĆ£o TomĆ© e PrĆncipe de voo regular, por meio de anĆ”lises dos motores das aeronaves atravĆ©s do certificado tipo de cada uma das aeronaves e pela base de dados de emissƵes de escapes da ICAO e da EASA de acordo com o processo operacional de reduĆ§Ć£o de ruĆdos. No que diz respeito Ć s taxas de ruĆdos, os valores diferem entre os aeroportos mundiais, muitas vezes dependem da localizaĆ§Ć£o e do fluxo do trĆ”fego aĆ©reo, e a polĆtica de cobranƧa das taxas de ruĆdo nos aeroportos mundiais tem como objetivo que as companhias aĆ©reas reajustem o tipo de rota e aeronaves a operarem e por outro lado a influĆŖncia do mesmo no custo social e no bem estar dos residentes nos arredores dessas infraestruturas.
Os resultados confirmam as externalidades associadas ao transporte aĆ©reo em SĆ£o TomĆ© e PrĆncipe consoante as avaliaƧƵes das operadoras em STP com estimativa de crescer na projeĆ§Ć£o futura com o aumento triplicado das frequĆŖncias de voo atual, ou com o surgimento de novas rotas, com possĆvel liberalizaĆ§Ć£o deste sector no mercado africano. A questĆ£o ambiental Ć© uma questĆ£o de sustentabilidade para STP, atendendo que o PaĆs tem como fonte econĆ³mica a agricultura, a pesca e o turismo.
Air transport is a sector of activity with positive and negative externalities, with all the direct and indirect revenues associated with air transport being positive, and on the other, negative, are greenhouse gases and noise, with costs of impacts on public health, agriculture, biodiversity among other natural resources, being a major concern for the international entities that regulate this sector of activity taking into account the influence of this effect on our daily lives. ICAO has been implementing regulations to contain these externalities, such as technological innovation, improved fuel consumption and energy efficiency, together with manufacturing companies. This paper highlights the results of the approximation of externalities (noise and GHG) associated with air transport in SĆ£o TomĆ© and PrĆncipe in the LTO cycle standardized by ICAO in the policy of mitigating pollutants of aircraft engines, which has the consequence of the proliferation of the effect gas which has degraded the environment and public health. This work was based on the statistical data of the years 2016 and 2017 of the INAC, where the movements, routes, traffic and fleets of the aircraft of the operators operating in the international airport of SĆ£o TomĆ© and PrĆncipe of regular flight were analysed, through analyses of aircraft engines through the type certificate of each aircraft and by the ICAO and EASA exhaust emissions database in accordance with the operational noise reduction process. As far as noise levels are concerned, the figures differ between world airports, often depending on the location and flow of air traffic, and the policy of charging noise at world airports is intended to allow airlines to readjust the type of route and aircraft to operate and on the other hand the influence of the same on the social cost and welfare of the residents in the surroundings of these infrastructures. The results confirm the externalities associated with air transport in SĆ£o TomĆ© and PrĆncipe according to the evaluations of the operators in STP with an estimate of growing in the future projection with the tripled increase of the current frequencies of flight or with the appearance of new routes, with the possible liberalization of this one sector in the African market. The environmental issue is a matter of sustainability for STP, given that the country has as economic source agriculture, fishing and tourism.
Air transport is a sector of activity with positive and negative externalities, with all the direct and indirect revenues associated with air transport being positive, and on the other, negative, are greenhouse gases and noise, with costs of impacts on public health, agriculture, biodiversity among other natural resources, being a major concern for the international entities that regulate this sector of activity taking into account the influence of this effect on our daily lives. ICAO has been implementing regulations to contain these externalities, such as technological innovation, improved fuel consumption and energy efficiency, together with manufacturing companies. This paper highlights the results of the approximation of externalities (noise and GHG) associated with air transport in SĆ£o TomĆ© and PrĆncipe in the LTO cycle standardized by ICAO in the policy of mitigating pollutants of aircraft engines, which has the consequence of the proliferation of the effect gas which has degraded the environment and public health. This work was based on the statistical data of the years 2016 and 2017 of the INAC, where the movements, routes, traffic and fleets of the aircraft of the operators operating in the international airport of SĆ£o TomĆ© and PrĆncipe of regular flight were analysed, through analyses of aircraft engines through the type certificate of each aircraft and by the ICAO and EASA exhaust emissions database in accordance with the operational noise reduction process. As far as noise levels are concerned, the figures differ between world airports, often depending on the location and flow of air traffic, and the policy of charging noise at world airports is intended to allow airlines to readjust the type of route and aircraft to operate and on the other hand the influence of the same on the social cost and welfare of the residents in the surroundings of these infrastructures. The results confirm the externalities associated with air transport in SĆ£o TomĆ© and PrĆncipe according to the evaluations of the operators in STP with an estimate of growing in the future projection with the tripled increase of the current frequencies of flight or with the appearance of new routes, with the possible liberalization of this one sector in the African market. The environmental issue is a matter of sustainability for STP, given that the country has as economic source agriculture, fishing and tourism.
Description
Keywords
Externalidades do Transporte AĆ©reo (Positivos e Negativos) Impacte Ambiental (RuĆdo e Gee) Sustentabilidade Transporte AĆ©reo