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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Atualmente as 24 horas de Le Mans para além de serem o “Santo Graal” dos desportos motorizados, a sua duração está para lá das 24 horas, colocando carros, pilotos e outros sob desafios contantes. É testada a velocidade do próprio veículo e a capacidade do piloto, mas mais importante é a durabilidade e confiabilidade do veículo.
No entanto, a aerodinâmica surge como trunfo na melhoria dos veículos, afetando o desempenho destes, a segurança, ou até o consumo. Por outro lado, as velocidades são cada vez mais ampliadas à custa de apêndices na estrutura, como por exemplo as asas invertidas que proporcionam um acréscimo de downforce. Contudo, em qualquer desporto, principalmente desportos nos quais a resistência aerodinâmica esteja presente, a sua minimização é necessária. A resistência aerodinâmica é proporcional ao quadrado da velocidade. O ar em contato com o corpo origina forças de atrito, estando ligado aos efeitos viscosos, área de superfície, à rugosidade e a camada limite. Num protótipo de Le Mans da classe 1 (LMP1), também existe evidentemente, preocupação quanto à otimização do veículo face à resistência aerodinâmica.
O presente trabalho foca-se no estudo do efeito da rugosidade de diversos materiais, tais como as fibras de carbono, fibras de vidro, tinta de automóvel, membrana de tubarão, fato de poliuretano, cortiça, película de vinil e tinta de aeronáutica na aerodinâmica dos veículos. Com a aplicação destes materiais na zona inferior do veículo, pretende-se que o escoamento não sofra resistência à sua passagem por esta zona. Porém, com o aumento da velocidade, há igualmente o aumento da downforce.
Os resultados obtidos sugerem que houveram melhorias do Cl por parte dos fatos da Jaked e Speedo e por parte da película de vinil, destacando este último com uma melhoria de 68%. No entanto, o Cd do veículo é melhorado igualmente recorrendo à pelicula de vinil com uma melhoria de 8%.
Currently the 24 hours of Le Mans as well as being the holy grail of motor sports, its duration is beyond 24 hours, putting cars, drivers and others under constants challenges. It tested the speed of the vehicle itself and the pilot's ability, but more important is the durability and reliability of the vehicle. However, the aerodynamic improvement arises as asset of the vehicles, thus affecting the performance of the safety or until consumption. On the other hand, the speeds are increasingly enlarged at the expense of the structure appendages such as wings inverted provide a downforce increased. However, any sports, particularly sports for which the drag is present, its minimization is required. The drag is proportional to the square of the speed. The air in contact with the body originates friction forces, being connected to the viscous effects, surface area, the roughness and the boundary layer. A prototype of Le Mans class 1 (LMP1), there is obviously concern about the optimization of the vehicle due to the aerodynamic drag. The present study focuses on studying the effect of roughness of various materials, such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, automobile paint, shark membrane fact polyurethane, cork, vinyl film and ink aircraft aerodynamics vehicles. With the application of these materials in the lower region of the vehicle, it is intended that the flow resistance does not suffer its passage through this zone. However, with the increase in speed, there is also increased downforce. The results suggest that there have been improvements Cl by the facts of Jaked and Speedo and by the vinyl film, highlighting the latter with an improvement of 68%. However, the vehicle Cd is also improved by using the vinyl film with a 8% improvement.
Currently the 24 hours of Le Mans as well as being the holy grail of motor sports, its duration is beyond 24 hours, putting cars, drivers and others under constants challenges. It tested the speed of the vehicle itself and the pilot's ability, but more important is the durability and reliability of the vehicle. However, the aerodynamic improvement arises as asset of the vehicles, thus affecting the performance of the safety or until consumption. On the other hand, the speeds are increasingly enlarged at the expense of the structure appendages such as wings inverted provide a downforce increased. However, any sports, particularly sports for which the drag is present, its minimization is required. The drag is proportional to the square of the speed. The air in contact with the body originates friction forces, being connected to the viscous effects, surface area, the roughness and the boundary layer. A prototype of Le Mans class 1 (LMP1), there is obviously concern about the optimization of the vehicle due to the aerodynamic drag. The present study focuses on studying the effect of roughness of various materials, such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, automobile paint, shark membrane fact polyurethane, cork, vinyl film and ink aircraft aerodynamics vehicles. With the application of these materials in the lower region of the vehicle, it is intended that the flow resistance does not suffer its passage through this zone. However, with the increase in speed, there is also increased downforce. The results suggest that there have been improvements Cl by the facts of Jaked and Speedo and by the vinyl film, highlighting the latter with an improvement of 68%. However, the vehicle Cd is also improved by using the vinyl film with a 8% improvement.
Description
Keywords
24 Horas de Le Mans LMP1 Aerodinâmica Fibras de carbono Fibras de vidro Tinta de automóvel Membrana de tubarão Fato de poliuretano Cortiça Película de vinil Tinta de aeronáutica