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Abstract(s)
A tese foca a interdependĂȘncia entre bairros tradicionais, tipos edificatĂłrios e imagem da cidade, bem como a interacção entre regulamentos de construção e formas das casas.
Para estudar o modo como alguns elementos da arquitectura da cidade, fĂsicos e abstractos, e os instrumentos de ordenamento e regulação desses elementos, permeiam uns dos outros, escolheu-se, como caso de estudo, a cidade de Coimbra.
O clĂĄssico axioma morfotipolĂłgico, desenvolvido sobretudo no panorama italiano dos anos cinquenta e sessenta, e retomado no contexto espanhol nas dĂ©cadas de oitenta e noventa, constitui o marco teĂłrico de que se parte para a constatação empĂrica de uns sistemas tipolĂłgicos da arquitectura; sĂŁo estes sistemas que permitem focar, com a segurança proporcionada pela anĂĄlise paramĂ©trica, uma via de estruturação da imagem da cidade.
A principal hipĂłtese de trabalho Ă© a da existĂȘncia de um vĂnculo, evolutivo e dialĂ©ctico entre as casas correntes, os tipos edificatĂłrios que lhes estĂŁo subjacentes e os planos urbanĂsticos e os regulamentos de edificação que estiveram vigentes em cada perĂodo.
O que se tratarĂĄ de investigar e precisar, Ă© de que forma se constitui este vĂnculo, assim como o sentido em que evoluiu, e, por fim, os gradientes de aumento e diminuição deste vĂnculo ao longo de um determinado arco temporal que compreende todo o sĂ©culo XX, englobando diferentes etapas de crescimento e planeamento.
A abordagem urbanĂstica, incluindo a anĂĄlise de planos e regulamentos, bem como de uma alargada compilação de licenças de habitabilidade e respectivos projectos de licenciamento, confirmou, para o perĂodo estudado, uma recorrente e fĂ©rtil revisitação dos tipos arquitectĂłnicos locais.
A tese aponta para a validade de um mĂ©todo analĂtico de projecto urbano e arquitectĂłnico assente no conceito de tipo em arquitectura, e no estudo prĂ©vio, como passo obrigatĂłrio, dos processos de formação, permanĂȘncia e transformação dos tipos edificatĂłrios e sistemas tipolĂłgicos seus derivados. Este mĂ©todo suporta a construção de um instrumento operativo, Ăștil para urbanistas, arquitectos e construtores, que permita seguir com o projecto da cidade, atravĂ©s da preservação e revalorização dos tipos arquitectĂłnicos locais.
Adicionalmente, este instrumento poderĂĄ informar os ulteriores instrumentos de gestĂŁo territorial, assim como os regulamentos municipais de edificação. O objectivo Ă© o de reforçar a identidade da cidade, aprendendo das liçÔes deixadas pela histĂłria urbana local e decalcando das suas formas urbanas caracterĂsticas.
This thesis focuses on the interdependence between traditional neighbourhoods, building types and the image of the city as well as on the interaction between building regulations and residential forms. The identification of a set of typological systems, based on the morpho-typologic axiom developed in Italy, in both Milan and Venetian architecture schools, in the 1950âs and 1960âs, brings us the possibility to structure the image of the city of Coimbra. The methodology is based on the study of the common housing types which constitute the majority of the city buildings. By analyzing more than two hundred construction licenses in the city council archives, dated from 1940 to 2002, I have tried to understand the dialectic relation between housing types and building regulations and urban planning. This long term research covers four great periods of the modern urban legislation and corresponds to four different city plans implementations. The central hypothesis is that of a well-built, long lasting and dialectic bond between those forms, regulations and plans. Complementarily, a second hypothesis stands on the specificity of the aspects of permanence and transformation of changing building types. The conclusions highlight the specific way in which this bond has been established and also in what directions it has been evolving throughout the time. Moreover, it will show the potential of reusing design codes and guidelines to bring back the city identity form. The revisitation of classic building regulations seems to be a positive way to control urban form in the process of rehabilitation of individual and collective houses. The aim is, therefore, to preserve and recreate the city according to the local architectural types. The typological system, founded on the idea of type persistence, aspires to be part of that instrument and recharacterization process.
This thesis focuses on the interdependence between traditional neighbourhoods, building types and the image of the city as well as on the interaction between building regulations and residential forms. The identification of a set of typological systems, based on the morpho-typologic axiom developed in Italy, in both Milan and Venetian architecture schools, in the 1950âs and 1960âs, brings us the possibility to structure the image of the city of Coimbra. The methodology is based on the study of the common housing types which constitute the majority of the city buildings. By analyzing more than two hundred construction licenses in the city council archives, dated from 1940 to 2002, I have tried to understand the dialectic relation between housing types and building regulations and urban planning. This long term research covers four great periods of the modern urban legislation and corresponds to four different city plans implementations. The central hypothesis is that of a well-built, long lasting and dialectic bond between those forms, regulations and plans. Complementarily, a second hypothesis stands on the specificity of the aspects of permanence and transformation of changing building types. The conclusions highlight the specific way in which this bond has been established and also in what directions it has been evolving throughout the time. Moreover, it will show the potential of reusing design codes and guidelines to bring back the city identity form. The revisitation of classic building regulations seems to be a positive way to control urban form in the process of rehabilitation of individual and collective houses. The aim is, therefore, to preserve and recreate the city according to the local architectural types. The typological system, founded on the idea of type persistence, aspires to be part of that instrument and recharacterization process.
Description
Keywords
Arquitectura - PrĂĄtica urbanĂstica Arquitectura - PrĂĄtica arquitectĂłnica Imagem urbana - PatrimĂłnio edificado Imagem urbana - Tipologia arquitectĂłnica Edificação urbana - Legislação Coimbra - Arquitectura da cidade - Estudo de caso