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Convergence insufficiency and accommodative insufficiency in children

dc.contributor.authorNunes, Amélia
dc.contributor.authorMonteiro, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorBrardo, Francisco M.
dc.contributor.authorNunes, António
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-02T09:50:49Z
dc.date.available2019-12-02T09:50:49Z
dc.date.issued2019-02-21
dc.description.abstractPurpose: Convergence and accommodative insufficiency represent the main cause of complaints during close visual work and can reduce visual performance and comfort. Knowing their prevalence among schoolchildren is fundamental to define strategies for action. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of these conditions in children in 5th and 6th school years in inland Portugal and to assess the impact that each visual condition has on their quality of life, based on the level of visual symptoms. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with children enrolled in the 5th and 6th school years. 372 children (192 girls) were assessed, with average ages of 10.9 ± 0.9 years. Refractive error and binocular vision assessment, integrating accommodative parameters, were used to analyse the visual condition. Symptoms were quantified using the Portuguese version of the CISS (Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey). Results: The prevalence of definite Convergence Insufficiency (CI) in the children assessed was 2%. A prevalence of 6,8% could be considered if clinically significant CI (high suspect and definite categories) cases are accounted. In relation to Accommodative Insufficiency (AI), a frequency rate of 10% was recorded, with 3% of the evaluated children presenting AI and CI simultaneously. The symptoms score was higher in AI than in CI. Conclusions: A frequency of approximately 10% was found for each one of the visual syndromes, and it was verified that visual discomfort is common among teenagers who carry these conditions. In cases of asthenopia, such as headaches and loss of concentration, associated with near vision activities, there is a requirement to evaluate the quality of binocular vision.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12886-019-1061-xpt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/7646
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectConvergence insufficiencypt_PT
dc.subjectAccommodative insufficiencypt_PT
dc.subjectNormal binocular visionpt_PT
dc.subjectVisual discomfort - Childrenpt_PT
dc.titleConvergence insufficiency and accommodative insufficiency in childrenpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue58pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleBMC Ophthalmologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume19pt_PT
person.familyNameNunes
person.familyNameLourenço Monteiro
person.familyNamePEREIRA BRARDO FERREIRA
person.familyNameNunes
person.givenNameAmélia
person.givenNamePedro Miguel
person.givenNameFRANCISCO MIGUEL
person.givenNameAntónio
person.identifier.ciencia-id5F11-639B-80DE
person.identifier.ciencia-id2C10-164C-6148
person.identifier.ciencia-idC51E-A366-1906
person.identifier.ciencia-idF813-26F6-81D0
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5001-3534
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6523-1809
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0534-3531
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9686-9082
person.identifier.ridAFE-8288-2022
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56116935900
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication945f1ba9-4a05-4f37-b61c-5de0330637a7
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationde698b1a-4bae-4cad-8a00-064feee87de0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication13e9c76b-6417-4fd3-8f25-3375d37645f4
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery13e9c76b-6417-4fd3-8f25-3375d37645f4

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