Convergence insufficiency and accommodative insufficiency in children

Nunes, Amélia; Monteiro, Pedro; Brardo, Francisco M.; Nunes, António

Publication

Convergence insufficiency and accommodative insufficiency in children

2019-02-21Journal article

dc.contributor.author	Nunes, Amélia
dc.contributor.author	Monteiro, Pedro
dc.contributor.author	Brardo, Francisco M.
dc.contributor.author	Nunes, António
dc.date.accessioned	2019-12-02T09:50:49Z
dc.date.available	2019-12-02T09:50:49Z
dc.date.issued	2019-02-21
dc.description.abstract	Purpose: Convergence and accommodative insufficiency represent the main cause of complaints during close visual work and can reduce visual performance and comfort. Knowing their prevalence among schoolchildren is fundamental to define strategies for action. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of these conditions in children in 5th and 6th school years in inland Portugal and to assess the impact that each visual condition has on their quality of life, based on the level of visual symptoms. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with children enrolled in the 5th and 6th school years. 372 children (192 girls) were assessed, with average ages of 10.9 ± 0.9 years. Refractive error and binocular vision assessment, integrating accommodative parameters, were used to analyse the visual condition. Symptoms were quantified using the Portuguese version of the CISS (Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey). Results: The prevalence of definite Convergence Insufficiency (CI) in the children assessed was 2%. A prevalence of 6,8% could be considered if clinically significant CI (high suspect and definite categories) cases are accounted. In relation to Accommodative Insufficiency (AI), a frequency rate of 10% was recorded, with 3% of the evaluated children presenting AI and CI simultaneously. The symptoms score was higher in AI than in CI. Conclusions: A frequency of approximately 10% was found for each one of the visual syndromes, and it was verified that visual discomfort is common among teenagers who carry these conditions. In cases of asthenopia, such as headaches and loss of concentration, associated with near vision activities, there is a requirement to evaluate the quality of binocular vision.	pt_PT
dc.description.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion	pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi	10.1186/s12886-019-1061-x	pt_PT
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/7646
dc.language.iso	eng	pt_PT
dc.peerreviewed	yes	pt_PT
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	pt_PT
dc.subject	Convergence insufficiency	pt_PT
dc.subject	Accommodative insufficiency	pt_PT
dc.subject	Normal binocular vision	pt_PT
dc.subject	Visual discomfort - Children	pt_PT
dc.title	Convergence insufficiency and accommodative insufficiency in children	pt_PT
dc.type	journal article
dspace.entity.type	Publication
oaire.citation.issue	58	pt_PT
oaire.citation.title	BMC Ophthalmology	pt_PT
oaire.citation.volume	19	pt_PT
person.familyName	Nunes
person.familyName	Lourenço Monteiro
person.familyName	PEREIRA BRARDO FERREIRA
person.familyName	Nunes
person.givenName	Amélia
person.givenName	Pedro Miguel
person.givenName	FRANCISCO MIGUEL
person.givenName	António
person.identifier.ciencia-id	5F11-639B-80DE
person.identifier.ciencia-id	2C10-164C-6148
person.identifier.ciencia-id	C51E-A366-1906
person.identifier.ciencia-id	F813-26F6-81D0
person.identifier.orcid	0000-0002-5001-3534
person.identifier.orcid	0000-0002-6523-1809
person.identifier.orcid	0000-0003-0534-3531
person.identifier.orcid	0000-0001-9686-9082
person.identifier.rid	AFE-8288-2022
person.identifier.scopus-author-id	56116935900
rcaap.rights	openAccess	pt_PT
rcaap.type	article	pt_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	0fa7c04f-e1aa-45c6-9353-3a4774cdbc14
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	945f1ba9-4a05-4f37-b61c-5de0330637a7
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	de698b1a-4bae-4cad-8a00-064feee87de0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	13e9c76b-6417-4fd3-8f25-3375d37645f4
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery	13e9c76b-6417-4fd3-8f25-3375d37645f4