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Mitragyna speciosa: Clinical, Toxicological Aspects and Analysis in Biological and Non-Biological Samples

2019-03-04Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorMeireles, Vânia Sofia de Oliveira
dc.contributor.authorRosado, Tiago
dc.contributor.authorBarroso, Mário
dc.contributor.authorSoares, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorGonçalves, Joana
dc.contributor.authorLuís, Ângelo
dc.contributor.authorCaramelo, Débora Almeida
dc.contributor.authorSimão, Ana Y
dc.contributor.authorFernández, Nicolás
dc.contributor.authorDuarte, Ana Paula
dc.contributor.authorGallardo, Eugenia
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-28T15:22:25Z
dc.date.available2020-01-28T15:22:25Z
dc.date.issued2019-03-04
dc.description.abstractThe abuse of psychotropic substances is a well-known phenomenon, and many of them are usually associated with ancestral traditions and home remedies. This is the case of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), a tropical tree used to improve work performance and to withstand great heat. According to several published studies, the main reasons for kratom consumption involve improving sexual performance and endurance, but also social and recreational uses for the feeling of happiness and euphoria; it is also used for medical purposes as a pain reliever, and in the treatment of diarrhea, fever, diabetes, and hypertension. However, this plant has gained more popularity amongst young people over the last years. Since it is available on the internet for purchase, its use is now widely as a drug of abuse, namely as a new psychoactive substance, being a cheaper alternative to opioids that does not require medical prescription in most countries. According to internet surveys by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction in 2008 and 2011, kratom was one of the most widely supplied new psychoactive substances. The composition of kratom is complex; in fact, more than 40 different alkaloids have been identified in Mitragyna speciosa so far, the major constituent being mitragynine, which is exclusive to this plant. Besides mitragynine, alkaloids such as corynantheidine and 7-hydroxamitragynine also present pharmacological effects, a feature that may be attributed to the remaining constituents as well. The main goal of this review is not only to understand the origin, chemistry, consumption, and analytical methodologies for analysis and mechanism of action, but also the use of secondary metabolites of kratom as therapeutic drugs and the assessment of potential risks associated with its consumption, in order to aid health professionals, toxicologists, and police authorities in cases where this plant is present.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipBolsa BID/UBI–Santander Universidades/2018pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/medicines6010035pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/8813
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.subjectMitragyna speciosapt_PT
dc.subjectAnalysispt_PT
dc.subjectKratompt_PT
dc.subjectSecondary metabolitespt_PT
dc.subjectTherapeutic usespt_PT
dc.subjectToxicologypt_PT
dc.titleMitragyna speciosa: Clinical, Toxicological Aspects and Analysis in Biological and Non-Biological Samplespt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/5876/UID%2FMulti%2F00709%2F2013/PT
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage35pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleMedicinespt_PT
oaire.citation.volume6pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream5876
person.familyNameRosado
person.familyNameBarroso
person.familyNameSoares
person.familyNameGonçalves
person.familyNameSantos Luís
person.familyNameCaramelo
person.familyNameFernández
person.familyNameDuarte
person.familyNameGallardo
person.givenNameTiago
person.givenNameMário
person.givenNameSofia
person.givenNameJoana
person.givenNameÂngelo Filipe
person.givenNameDébora
person.givenNameNicolás
person.givenNameAna Paula
person.givenNameEugenia
person.identifier2664004
person.identifier1255684
person.identifier908303
person.identifier.ciencia-idC21B-DCC7-1C44
person.identifier.ciencia-id5110-F476-ECCC
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person.identifier.ciencia-idEA1D-EF0D-F6B7
person.identifier.ciencia-idBC15-D376-80FE
person.identifier.ciencia-idF617-5CA5-EF61
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0469-2895
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3524-5791
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8702-415X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0712-6522
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6135-9645
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0980-3921
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3333-5977
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1802-8998
person.identifier.ridB-5904-2009
person.identifier.ridM-7410-2017
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57191891820
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35329243100
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57204097945
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7102602131
person.identifier.scopus-author-id24721485300
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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