Percorrer por autor "Casteleiro, Carla Maria Lopes"
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- Empresas de inserção como instrumento de empreendedorismo social em Portugal: estudo exploratório com base na percepção dos principais implicadosPublication . Casteleiro, Carla Maria Lopes; Dinis, Anabela do Rosário LeitãoEste trabalho incide sobre Empresas de Inserção (EI), abordadas como uma forma específica de empreendedorismo social. O principal objectivo do estudo empírico é obter alguns elementos que permitam uma primeira avaliação deste programa em Portugal, 10 anos após a sua criação, na perspectiva dos principais implicados – entidades promotoras e trabalhadores. Tal avaliação, que passa pela identificação das principais dificuldades e benefícios sentidos pelos intervenientes, poderá contribuir para identificar as potencialidades e fragilidades da medida EI do Mercado Social de Emprego (MSE) e repensar o seu desenho no sentido de aumentar a sua eficácia. Trata-se, pois de um estudo de natureza exploratória para o qual foi utilizada a estratégia de estudos de caso múltiplos de natureza qualitativa. Para a recolha de dados utilizaram-se várias técnicas mas as mais importantes foram as entrevistas, aplicadas às entidades cujos entrevistados foram os técnicos responsáveis das respectivas EI e os questionários, aplicados aos beneficiários/trabalhadores dessas mesmas EI. Os resultados do estudo indicam que as principais motivações pelos quais as Entidades em estudo se candidataram à medida EI relaciona-se com o dar resposta a novas necessidades das famílias e populações locais e ao combate à exclusão social através da oportunidade que é dada, a trabalhadores desfavorecidos face ao mercado de trabalho, de adquirirem competências profissionais e pessoais que lhes serão úteis no futuro. As dificuldades sentidas pelas Entidades foram sobretudo ao nível do recrutamento e selecção dos trabalhadores, à rotatividade dos postos de trabalho e ao equilíbrio financeiro difícil de alcançar. Todavia, em termos gerais, a avaliação que os vários intervenientes - entidades e trabalhadores - fazem da experiência é positiva. Estes resultados não explicam, pois, quais as razões subjacentes ao decréscimo do número de EI criadas nos últimos anos, conforme dados estatísticos apresentados no trabalho. Tal situação pode estar ligada à actual conjuntura de recessão económica, não só a nível nacional mas também internacional.
- Entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurship in European countriesPublication . Teixeira, Sergio Jesus; Casteleiro, Carla Maria Lopes; Rodrigues, Ricardo; Guerra, MariaPurpose This study aims to pursue better understanding and investigation of the factor that can have an impact on the level of entrepreneurial activity. To achieve this, statistical analysis was conducted. Indicators from 22 countries of the European Union were reunited to compare the differences between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach To analyse entrepreneurial intentions in Europe, two databases of the Global Databases Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) were used, namely, “GEM NES Key Indicators 2007-2015” and “GEM APS Key Indicators 2001-2015”, available at www.gemconsortium.org/data/sets, considering only the data from 2015 and analysed with IBM SPSS Statistics tool. Each original database includes 60 countries, and this study is limited to an analysis of only countries of the European continent, resulting in a sample of 22 countries. Findings The major determinants of the entrepreneurial intention in the countries studied were: “perceived capacity”; “entrepreneurial intention” itself which will, in fact, influence the “rate of nascent entrepreneurship”; “governmental and political factors” in relation to the respective “financing for the entrepreneur”; and “basic education and training” in entrepreneurship which influences “research and development”. Research limitations/implications This study has few limitations because, as it refers to a European analysis, it would require a more generalized analysis of the factors, such as to include more and better indicators for the demographic, economic and institutional determinants of the entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurship in the European countries under study. For future research on the explanation of commercial activity, we must address the methodological problem of distinguishing the effect of business intentions from other determinants, as these also influence entrepreneurial attitudes. Despite the conceptual and empirical limitations, the conclusions of the study imply and provide several recommendations for the future policy of entrepreneurship in Europe. Practical implications In the past decades, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions have gained increasing attention from academics, governments and politicians around the world. It is seen as a critical factor for economic growth and development of a country, as it contributes to the solution of fundamental macroeconomic issues such as increased employment, development of competitiveness, innovation and the creation of economic and social values. Therefore, academics and researchers, governments and politicians are interested in identifying the differences and causes between countries that influence the level of entrepreneurship as a phenomenon associated with business activity in a country. Social implications Results reveal that some of the key determinants of entrepreneurial intention in the European countries are related to policy factors, like “governmental and political factors” and “basic education and training” in entrepreneurship. In this way, the study can help politicians elaborate the policies related to entrepreneurship, implying an increase in entrepreneurial intentions in a country and consequently implications for socio-economic development. Originality/value To achieve the originality of the study, two databases of the GEM of 2015 were used and duly adapted. In this way, the value of the article is very significant, as it is possible to group data from several countries, to test hypotheses and to arrive at very useful conclusions that may be of interest to policymakers at both the European and national levels. The adoption of adequate policies promotes and supports entrepreneurship in the context of the Europe 2020 Strategy, which is the European Union’s growth strategy.