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- Subtle biases introduced in equity studies through data anonymizationPublication . Fazendeiro, Paulo; Prata, Paula; Ferrão, Maria Eugénia; Altman, MicahThis work investigates the trade-off between data anonymization and utility, particularly focusing on the implications for equity-related research in education. Using microdata from the 2019 Brazilian National Student Performance Exam (ENADE), the study applies the (ε, δ)-Differential Privacy model to explore the impact of anonymization on the dataset's utility for socio-educational equity analysis. By clustering both the original and anonymized datasets, the research evaluates how group categories related to students' sociodemographic variables, such as gender, race, income, and parental education, are affected by the anonymization process. The results reveal that while anonymization techniques can preserve overall data structure, they can also lead to the suppression or misrepresentation of minority groups, introducing biases that undermine the research's objective of promoting educational equity. This finding highlights the importance of involving domain experts in the interpretation of anonymized data, particularly in studies aimed at reducing socio-economic inequalities. The study concludes that careful attention is needed to prevent anonymization efforts from distorting key group categories, which could undermine the validity of data-driven policies aimed at promoting equity.
- MicroRNAs in Takotsubo Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Regulatory Networks in Stress-Induced CardiomyopathyPublication . Sousa, Domingos; Martins, Filipa Abreu; Luís, Ângelo; Serralheiro, PedroMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases. The clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS) are discussed, with an emphasis on the emerging evidence implicating miRNAs in its etiology and progression. A systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines was performed on the evidence regarding the interplay between miRNAs and TTS. A search of the Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted and resulted in 584 articles. Of these, 14 full-text articles were eligible for inclusion in the qualitative analysis. The reviewed studies suggest that multiple miRNAs are involved in the processes associated with TTS pathophysiology, including acute and chronic myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, microvascular dysfunction, hypertrophy, and, ultimately, maladaptive cardiac remodelling. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of miRNAs in cardiovascular pathophysiology, with a specific focus on their potential roles in TTS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic exploration of the miRNAs involved in TTS and its modulation as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.