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- The Impacts of the Entrepreneurial Conditions on Economic Growth: Evidence from OECD CountriesPublication . Gomes, Sofia; Ferreira, João José De Matos; Lopes, João; Farinha, LuísThis study aims to assess the impacts of entrepreneurial framework conditions on economic growth based on the level of economic development in transition-driven economies and innovation-driven economies. The data were organised into a panel (2000–2019) and obtained from the National Expert Survey (NES), the Global Monitor Entrepreneurship (GEM), and the World Bank. By applying the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation, we found that R&D transfer has a negative impact on economic growth that is innovation-driven, but positively impacts transition-driven economies. The results further highlighted that regardless of the level of development of the country, business and professional infrastructure do not positively impact economic growth. However, taxes and bureaucracy and physical and service infrastructure were shown to positively impact only innovation-driven economies, as in transition-driven economies, they were shown to have negative impacts on economic growth. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the link between economic growth and the conditions for entrepreneurship in economies with different degrees of economic growth. This study can serve as a basis for policy makers to adjust or develop new policies to accelerate economic growth.
- ICT Access and Entrepreneurship in the Open Innovation Dynamic Context: Evidence from OECD CountriesPublication . Gomes, Sofia; Lopes, JoãoIn recent decades, entrepreneurship has become increasingly important for innovation and economic growth. However, few studies demonstrate the role of information and communication technology systems (ICT) in promoting entrepreneurship, and even fewer studies show that ICT is a crucial resource for entrepreneurs. This study examines the direct influence of ICTs on entrepreneurial activity in OECD countries in the context of the open innovation dynamic. Based on an unbalanced dynamic longitudinal panel of data, we conclude that access to ICTs (mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, individuals using the internet, and fixed-broadband subscriptions) positively influences Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA). However, the importance of ICTs for entrepreneurial activity is not equal, with mobile-cellular telephones having the strongest influence on the rate of new firm creation, followed by fixed-broadband, and internet access. This study contributes to the rationale of resource-based theory by demonstrating that ICTs are a valuable resource for boosting the capabilities for creating, collecting, processing, and interpreting information, which is vital for entrepreneurial activity. On the other hand, this study attempts to suppress an existing gap in the literature due to the still scarce studies demonstrating how macro-level ICTs affect the creation of new firms in countries. Finally, it contributed to empirically substantiating the relationship between open innovation dynamic and entrepreneurship, as very few studies do.