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- Effects of body composition and basal metabolic rate the temporal parameters of ground reaction forces on gait of postmenopausal womenPublication . Sousa, Adriana Leite; Gabriel, Ronaldo; Aragão, Florbela Rocha; Faria, Aurélio Marques; Moreira, Maria Helena RodriguesObjective: The study aims to identify and analyze the influence of body composition and basal metabolic rate over the behavior of temporal parameters of ground reactive forces during the gait of postmenopausal. Methods: The experimental study was carry out with 52 women (±59.8 years). The fat mass, abdominal visceral adiposity, skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass and basal metabolic rate have evaluated by octopolar bioimpedance. The data for the ground reactive forces were collect through the force platform. Results: In relative terms, the fat mass showed influence the final phase of support, causing a decrease in this parameter. Abdominal visceral adiposity also exerted inverse influence on the vertical loading (r = -0.31) and unloading (r = -0.35) rate. The skeletal muscle mass (r = -0.45, r = -0.46; p<0.01) and basal metabolic rate (r = -0.44, r = -0.46; p<0.01) influenced the vertical loading rate and the relationship between the vertical rates significantly. Conclusion: The study suggests that the increase on fat mass and abdominal visceral adiposity, influence the support time and the vertical rates. With a more robust skeletal muscle system the postmenopausal women exhibit the phases of the gait cycle less accentuated, signaling less stress on the joints.
- Differences in foot contact times between obese and non-obese postmenopausal women when crossing obstaclesPublication . Silva, David; Gabriel, Ronaldo; Moreira, Maria; Abrantes, João; Faria, AurélioObjective: This study aimed to investigate the foot contact time differences between obese and nonobese subjects during walking when crossing obstacles. Methods: Ninety-eight postmenopausal women were assigned to four groups, and their plantar pressure temporal data were collected using a two-step protocol during walking when crossing an obstacle set at 30% height of lower limb length of each subject. The initial, final, and duration of contact of 10 foot areas were measured. Results: Leading limb: (1) the heel groups initiated foot contact using the heel, and the non-heel groups initiated contact using the metatarsals; (2) heel obese subjects showed an earlier initial contact and a longer contact duration of metatarsals 2–3; (3) non-heel obese subjects showed an earlier midfoot initial contact. Regarding the trailing limb: (4) heel obese subjects showed an earlier midfoot initial contact and a longer contact duration of metatarsal 5; (5) non-heel obese subjects showed an earlier initial contact and a longer contact duration of metatarsals 4–5. Conclusions: (1) The non-heel groups’ foot rollover pattern may result from an attempt of rapidly restoring stability; (2) the heel obese subjects seem to regulate their plantar foot muscles to overcome their overweight; (3) the overweight of the non-heel obese subjects leads to a quicker backward foot roll-over from the metatarsals to the heel; (4) the overweight of the heel obese subjects can distort their footprints and/or their higher inertia may precipitate an anticipation of the midfoot contact, which can also explain the result observed for 5.
- Foot rollover temporal parameters during walking straight ahead and stepping over obstacles: obese and non-obese postmenopausal womenPublication . Silva, David; Gabriel, Ronaldo; Moreira, Helena; Abrantes, João; Faria, AurélioThe aim of this study was to compare the temporal foot rollover data between walking straight ahead and stepping over obstacles for obese and non-obese postmenopausal women. Plantar pressure data were collected from 67 women. The initial, final, and duration of contact of 10 foot areas were measured. Both limbs of both groups showed a longer foot contact duration on the obstacle task. Significant temporal differences were found for both groups between straight ahead and crossing obstacles on the initial, final, and duration of contact for several foot areas. The propulsion phase of the trailing limb during the obstacle task was anticipated. Regarding the leading limb, the first foot contact was not made with the heel areas; however, a backward foot rollover movement from the metatarsal to the heel areas occurred, possibly to provide support to better control the trailing limb swing phase.