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- A New Approach for Dynamic Energy Storage SystemPublication . Barbara, João; Fermeiro, J.B.L.; Pombo, José Álvaro Nunes; Mariano, S.; Calado, M. do RosárioBattery packs with a large number of cells are becoming more and more prominent technology. Monitoring and controlling these packs is now a subject with increased importance. The proposed implemented system consists of only three switches per cell, allowing several types of connection between the cells. The battery management system relies on a distributed hierarchical architecture with n-1 local controllers and a global controller. In the proposed algorithm the cells act as a single swarm functioning autonomously and depending on the parameters (voltage, current and temperature) of each cell of the pack. The hardware for each cell is explained and demonstrated. The results obtained both in simulation and in experimental tests show the excellent performance of the proposed methodology. Also, the charging approach based on the traditional multistage method exhibited an excellent performance on charging supercapacitors, concerning its efficiency, charging time and overvoltage protection.
- A new controller for DC-DC converters based on particle swarm optimizationPublication . Fermeiro, J.B.L.; Pombo, José Álvaro Nunes; Calado, M. do Rosário; Mariano, S.We propose a new controller for DC-DC converters based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). This new converter controller uses the PSO optimization method to directly control, by itself, the output voltage of a boost DC-DC converter. In order to validate and qualify the proposed converter controller, we analyzed and implemented some variants of the PSO algorithm, namely the standard PSO and the global local best PSO. The proposed converter controller was then compared with a variant of the classic PI controller with anti-windup, for different operational conditions. The three controllers compared in this work were implemented in the microcontroller TMS320F28027 by using the code composer studio from Texas Instruments. The results show that the proposed controller exhibits better behavior in terms of settling time and overshoot. Unlike most popular DC-DC converter controllers, the proposed controller does not require any sort of optimal parameter determination.
- Particle Swarm Optimization for photovoltaic model identificationPublication . Nunes, Hugo; Pombo, José Álvaro Nunes; Fermeiro, J.B.L.; Mariano, S.; Calado, M. do RosárioThis paper proposes a comprehensive modeling and parameters extraction method of solar photovoltaic module based on the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The character-istic curves of photovoltaic panel are obtained by using only the information provided by the manufacturer data-sheet, avoiding the need to carry out experimental data. The performance and the accuracy of the proposed method are evaluated by applying the one-diode model and the results are compared with those obtained by the well-known Lambert W function. The proposed method shows a higher performance.
- Management System for Large Li-Ion Battery Packs with a New Adaptive Multistage Charging MethodPublication . Velho, Ricardo Lopes; Beirão, Miguel; Calado, M. do Rosário; Pombo, José Álvaro Nunes; Fermeiro, J.B.L.; Mariano, S.Among the wide diversity of existing technologically mature batteries, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have become popular because of their longevity, high energy density, high efficiency and lack of memory effect. Differential charging of cells with age has turned balancing management systems into an important research subject. This paper proposes a new battery management system (BMS) to improve the capacity usage and lifespan of large Li-ion battery packs and a new charging algorithm based on the traditional multistage method. The main advantages of the proposed system are its versatility and ability to implement different charging and balancing methods in a very accessible way. The combination of charging methods with balancing methods represents an evolution when compared with other works in the literature.
- Lookup Table Based Intelligent Charging and Balancing Algorithm for Li-ion Battery PacksPublication . Velho, Ricardo Lopes; Pombo, José Álvaro Nunes; Fermeiro, J.B.L.; Calado, M. Do Rosário; Mariano, S.In this article, an energy storage system (ESS) and its entire monitoring system are implemented. A new charging algorithm is developed based on the parameters of the battery pack in real time, extending the battery lifespan, improving the capacity usage and performance of the ESS. The proposed algorithm analyses, in real time, the difference between the desired voltage and the mean voltage of the cells, the temperature of the pack, and the difference of voltage between cells. Based on the obtained information, by trilinear interpolation, the algorithm calculates the charging current. The proposed charging algorithm also combines a balancing algorithm. This represents an innovation compared to the existing methods in the literature. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can successfully charge Li-ion battery packs with different capacities and life cycles, providing a better charging time and a much lower temperature increase.