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- Clustering consumers who engage in boycotting: New insights into the relationship between political consumerism and institutional trustPublication . Baptista, Nuno Tiago; Rodrigues, RicardoThis study proposes a segmentation model for European consumers engaging in boycotting and examines each segment’s level of trust in public institutions. Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), measures of generalized trust, social participation, interest in politics, human values and demographics were used as segmentation variables in a two-cluster solution. The two clusters, labeled conservative majority and active idealists, revealed significant differences in their levels of institutional trust in 10 of the 21 countries analyzed. These findings highlight the potential heterogeneity of consumers engaging in boycotting and offer an explanation for extant contrasting findings regarding the relationship between institutional trust and political consumerism.
- Supervised Exercise Patterns among Diabetic and Non-diabetic Portuguese AdultsPublication . Esteves, Dulce; Gouveia, Ana; Rodrigues, Ricardo; Pinheiro, Paulo; Brás, Rui; O'Hara, Kelly; Duarte, PauloBackground. Physical activity (PA) is a keystone of diabetes management, but although self-exercise is beneficial, supervised exercise (SE), adapted to individual characteristics, and is more effective. Objectives. The main research goal is to compare SE patterns among diabetic and non-diabetic Portuguese adults. Methods. A total of 484 participants (85 diabetics, 399 non-diabetics), aged 41-90 years old (mean=58.9; SD=11.9) were interviewed. PA level was assessed using short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Attendance in different SE programs was evaluated across three kinds of PA programs providers: gym/health-clubs; swimming pools and other club/ sports facilities. Itens like Barriers to Exercise; Intention to participate; Importance of the structure and PA information sources were also evaluated. Independent t-tests were used to examine the difference between the group means, and Levene’s test was used to check the homokedasticity of the groups’ variances. Results. PA level of diabetics (32% low; 25% moderate; 44% high) and non-diabetics (29% low; 33% moderate; 39% high) display no differences. 90% of diabetics do not attend SE. The main barrier for diabetics’ non-participation is the perception that the exercise is not adequate to their health. Doctors are the preferred information source for diabetics and they rely less on information provided by the Internet, with may impair on-line campaigns. Conclusion. Promoting exercise in diabetics should shift the focus from "promoting physical activity" to "promoting SE".
- Play it again: how game-based learning improves flow in Accounting and Marketing educationPublication . Silva, Rui Jorge Rodrigues da; Rodrigues, Ricardo; Leal, CarmemFlow theory is used in this article [Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). The domain of creativity] to determine whether gamified resources, named Accountingame and Marketingame, possess certain characteristics which, in the form of educational games, increase the performance of Portuguese undergraduate students attending Accounting (N= 816) and Marketing (N= 195) curricular units for the first time. A structural equation model was used to look into the direct effects of the characteristics of the game, such as Concentration, Clarity, Feedback, Challenge, Autonomy, Social Interaction, and Perceived Learning, on students’ learning Flow. Results clearly show that, with the exception of Feedback, all the other dimensions were Flow predictors. Overall, by introducing games into the curriculum, students’ motivation and interest increased and demonstrates that games can be an effective way for students to learn.
- Physical activity level as a booster of entrepreneurial intention: a social innovation approachPublication . Rodrigues, Ricardo; Marques, Carla; Esteves, Dulce; Brás, Rui; Santos, Gina; Gouveia, Ana; Duarte, Paulo; Pinheiro, Paulo; O'Hara, Kelly; Marques, VanessaThis study aims to investigate if engaging in physical activity (PA) and gender influences people’s entrepreneurial intention (EI). A survey for measuring EI and PA was developed and administered to the general population. The data were collected with a questionnaire distributed across all continental Portuguese regions. A two-way analysis of variance was used to test the influence of PA level and gender in EI. The results highlight that PA and gender have an impact on EI. This study’s main practical implication is that evidence was found that people need to be involved in more PA, especially in high PA level, because the results show that there is an association with increased levels of EI. This paper contributes to filling a gap in the literature by identifying the importance of PA for the increase of EI. This relationship may be a consequence of skills promoted by the practice of PA and also the development of some personal psychological and cognitive characteristics such as autonomy, risk tolerance, and leadership. The main implication resulting from this study is that it is essential to develop and booster PA into society, namely through PA programmes in organisations, not only for improving persons’ health condition but also as a social benefit, that can promote social innovation and entrepreneurship.
- I-ENTRE-U: an individual entrepreneurial orientation scale for teachers and researchers in higher education institutionsPublication . Felgueira, Teresa; Rodrigues, Ricardo GouveiaNowadays, something essential in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) is seeking to be entrepreneurial, with human resources with entrepreneurial characteristics. The success of higher education institutions will depend on the performance of its human resources. The main objective of this paper is to propose the concept of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO), based on the construct Entrepreneurial Orientation, a concept from the strategy-making literature, composed of five entrepreneurial dimensions (autonomy, innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness) (Lumpkin and Dess Academy of Management Review, 21(3), 605–607, 1996a; 135–172, b). The paper also proposes a measurement scale with a set of items, which are to measure the IEO of Teachers and Researchers in HEI. The EO will be measured by the ENTRE-U scale developed by Todorovic, McNaughton, and Guild in (Technovation, 31, 128–137, 2011) and adapted in this study to the individual level (I-ENTRE-U). A set of items is reviewed from the ENTRE-U, and the proposal scale adaptation was validated by academic experts. To test, debug and validate this measuring instrument, we used the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Pearson’s correlations and Cronbach’s alphas, among other measures. This paper conceptualizes the EO strategy, taking into account higher education peculiarities and discusses the dimensions of the IEO concept in HEI.
- Validation of the ISS-QUAL and the role of gender, age and education on it service quality in the public sectorPublication . Marchiori, Danilo Magno; Mainardes, Emerson Wagner; Rodrigues, RicardoPublic organizations have invested heavily in information technology (IT) and have created internal specialized IT services departments which must be managed from the perspective of the provision of services. The people involved in these organizations can be grouped by demographic characteristics such as gender, age and level of formal education. Thus, the study has two objectives. The first is to test, in the context of the public sector, the validity of the ISS-QUAL, a new scale developed to measure the IT service quality provided by internal IT departments. The second objective is to analyze the role of the variables of gender, age and the level of education of public servants on the perception of IT service quality provided by internal departments. For this purpose, we used structural equation modeling to perform a confirmatory factorial analysis with a sample of 879 IT users, as well as to identify the role of gender, age and level of users’ formal education on perceived service quality. The results confirm the validity and the high explanatory power of the ISS-QUAL within the scope of public organizations, and indicate that the demographic characteristics of public servants differentially affect service quality factors. The study presents the implications of the results for researchers in the field and for managers of internal IT departments in the public sector.
- The use of online social networks in Higher Education and its influence on Job PerformancePublication . Carlos, Vera; Rodrigues, RicardoThere is plenty of evidence on a positive influence of social relationships on work-related attitudes and behaviors. Besides, online social networks (OSNs), made possible by Web 2.0, have become a global phenomenon and have a considerable impact on the way people communicate and interact with each other. Our purpose is to evaluate the effect of using OSNs on the worker's attitudes and behaviors, particularly in the context of Higher Education. In this sense, we used a questionnaire, to evaluate the attitudes of 157 faculty members. To assess the use of OSNs, we resorted to a dichotomous variable. After analyzing and discussing the results we conclude that the use of OSNs influences the worker's performance, but not Job satisfaction, Organizational commitment or extra-role performance. The relationships we propose in what concerns the worker's attitudes are all empirically proved. Lastly, we describe the study limitations and we suggest some perspectives for future research.
- Market Orientation and Hotel Industry: Developing a Measurement ModelPublication . Sampaio, Carlos Alberto Fernandes; Hernández-Mogollón, José Manuel; Rodrigues, RicardoThis study seeks to fill a gap in market orientation literature about the hotel industry and deals with the construction of a market orientation scale tailored based on a sample obtained from the hotel industry in a multicultural context. The proposed model has three dimensions: intelligence generation, intelligence dissemination and coordinated response to the client, competition and market structure domains. Research results indicate that the scale has good psychometric indicators. Content validity was assessed by questioning a group of marketing experts across Western Europe. Working data indicates that the proposed model holds convergent and discriminant validity as well reliability.
- Physical activity patterns and perceptions among portuguese type 2 diabetic and non-diabeticPublication . Esteves, Dulce; Gouveia, Ana; Rodrigues, Ricardo; Pinheiro, Paulo; Brás, Rui; O'Hara, Kelly; Duarte, PauloBackground. The increasing prevalence and incidence of type 2 Diabetes has turned it into a worldwide epidemic. Although Physical Activity (PA) may play an essential role in the prevention and management of this disease, sedentary lifestyles continue to increase among diabetics. Besides, there is evidence to believe that diabetics and non-diabetics show different patterns of PA behavior, perceptions and information seeking. Objectives. This study aims to analyze diabetics and non-diabetics differences regarding (1) PA patterns (level, barriers, goals/expectations and preferred activities); (2) PA-related information sources and (3) evidenced perception on the need and importance of PA. Methods. Using data from 485 Portuguese subjects aged between 41 and 90 years old, differences between diabetics (n=85) and non-diabetics (n=400) were analyzed with Pearson’s chi-square and independent t-test. Results. The study concludes that 32% of diabetics that are physically inactive. Their attitude toward PA is not much different from non-diabetics. Nevertheless, the importance given to the time available and the schedules of activities as well as exercising with friends were more relevant for diabetics. Diabetics considered that the exercise is not safe for their health condition and present lower expectation towards exercise. Regarding information seeking behavior about PA, diabetics use as leading information source doctors and less online information. Conclusion. Diabetics and non-diabetics give different importance to PA. Results establish a foundation for the development of effective tailored communication strategies to promote PA among the diabetics.
- The role of marketing in the promotion of breastfeedingPublication . Paço, Arminda; Rodrigues, Ricardo; Duarte, Paulo; Pinheiro, Paulo; Oliveira, José António Martinez Souto de; Soares, MartaIn recent years, researchers and health-care professionals have shown a growing interest in the health benefits associated with breastfeeding and the dangers associated with bottle feeding. At the same time, there has been a growing number of medical and academic studies showing that breastfeeding is beneficial and necessary. However, despite its being a socially important theme, little research has been undertaken in the marketing of breastfeeding. The purpose of this article is to review the use of social marketing as a tool for enhancing health promotion programmes, specifically those seeking to encourage the adoption of breastfeeding and to increase its prevalence. The implementation of the first phase of such a programme is described in the article. Based on a sample of women, this study illustrates mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding, showing that social marketing programmes are needed to improve their level of access to information and increase the prevalence of breastfeeding.
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