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- Effects of High Frequency repetitive Magnetic Stimulation on astrocytes in an ischemic cell modelPublication . Gava Junior, Genilso; Baltazar, Graça Maria Fernandes; Roque, Cláudio André MartinsRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive and painless therapeutic technique, currently used as an auxiliary tool in the treatment of several neuronal disorders such as ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke is a brain injury caused by partial or total interruption of blood flow to perfuse the cerebral tissue, with a high prevalence in the world and associated with high morbidity and mortality. HF-rTMS is able to promote motor recovery, improve ipsilesional cerebral hemodynamics and decrease global damage caused by stroke. These benefits result from changes triggered by rTMS in mechanisms such as synaptic plasticity, regulation of gene expression, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. Surprisingly, the effect of rTMS in glial cells has been underexplore. Using rat embryonic cortical cultures submitted to oxygen and glucose deprivation model, we evaluated the effects triggered by HF-rMS on astrocytes subjected to an ischemic insult and how these effects contribute to the promotion of neuroprotection. The results reveal that ischemic injury induces a 38% increase in the number of neurons expressing ERK1/2, but when neurons were exposed to medium conditioned by astrocytes or neuron-glial cultures stimulated with HF-rMS (10Hz) there was a 75% increase in these effects. Regarding the prevention of neurites degeneration, the results demonstrated that there was a decrease in the degeneration and maintenance of neuronal arborization, in neurons subjected to both conditioned media. HF-rMS applied after the ischemic injury was also able to induce an increase of approximately 60% in the expression of BDNF but was not able to alter astrocytic phenotype. The results obtained show that HF-rMS promotes the increase of BDNF expression by astrocytes, the release of factors that prevent the degeneration of neurites, the maintenance of neuronal arborization and the increase of ERK1/2+ neurons. Taken together these results show that HF-rMS is a promising tool for the treatment of neurological disorders.