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Authors
Abstract(s)
O álcool (etanol) é uma substância psicoativa e tóxica, atuando como um depressor do
sistema nervoso central, sendo capaz de gerar dependência. O seu consumo constitui
uma prática habitual na população em todo o mundo, nomeadamente em contextos
sociais. No entanto, sabemos que vários fatores, como a presença de problemas sociais
e psicológicos, podem levar ao seu consumo crónico ou abusivo.
Segundo dados da OMS de 2016, o consumo de álcool contribui para 3 milhões de
mortes por ano, sendo o abuso desta substância responsável por 5,1% da carga global
de doenças, constituindo por isso um importante fator de risco de morbilidade e
mortalidade prematuras, principalmente na faixa entre os 15 e os 49 anos.
Com o início da pandemia por COVID-19, o confinamento, o isolamento social, o stress
aliado à incerteza e todos os seus impactos psicológicos, fizeram disparar os problemas
de saúde mental, podendo tais condições ter despoletado alterações nos hábitos etílicos
das populações, como estratégia de coping, com as consequências para a saúde que isso
acarreta.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar se a pandemia COVID-19 se relacionou com
uma alteração nos hábitos etílicos da população, e quais as consequências destas
alterações para a saúde da mesma, particularmente ao nível das doenças hepáticas
alcoólicas.
Foi feita uma revisão não sistemática de artigos científicos publicados nas bases de
dados “PubMed”, “ScienceDirect” e “Biblioteca Wiley Online”, utilizando os termos de
pesquisa: “alcohol consumption”, “COVID-19 pandemic” e “alcoholic liver disease”. A
análise decorreu de forma não sistemática, entre novembro de 2021 e abril de 2022,
tenso sido excluídos aqueles artigos que pelo seu abstract demonstravam desviar-se do
objetivo de análise desta revisão.
De acordo com um inquérito nacional realizado pelo SICAD (Serviço de Intervenção
nos Comportamentos Aditivos e das Dependências) entre abril e maio de 2020, a
quarentena levou a que 42% das pessoas bebessem menos, enquanto 21% passaram a
beber mais e 37% continuaram a consumir o mesmo.
Vários estudos têm sido feitos para investigar a relação entre alterações nos padrões de
consumo alcoólico durante a pandemia COVID-19 e o seu impacto em termos de saúde,
sobretudo no que se refere à incidência de doenças hepáticas alcoólicas. A evidência aponta, de facto, para a existência de uma alteração nos consumos. No entanto, as
consequências desta alteração na ocorrência de hepatopatias alcoólicas não estão ainda
bem estabelecidas e seus efeitos a longo prazo são ainda desconhecidos, apesar de
alguns estudos já sugerirem o aumento destas doenças. Assim, é necessária mais
pesquisa que confirme os resultados até agora encontrados e que ajude a compreender
os efeitos pandémicos desta mudança de hábitos na saúde das populações.
Alcohol (ethanol) is a psychoactive and toxic substance that acts as a central nervous system depressant, being capable of generating dependence. Its consumption is a common practice in the population around the world, especially in social contexts. However, we know that various factors, including social and psychological problems, can lead to its abuse or chronic consumption. According to WHO data from 2016, alcohol consumption contributes to 3 million deaths per year, with the abuse of this substance being responsible for 5.1% of the global burden of disease, therefore constituting an important risk factor for premature mortality and morbidity, mainly between the ages of 15 and 49 years. With the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, social isolation, the stress combined with uncertainty and all its psychological impacts, led to a substantial increase in mental health problems, and such conditions may have triggered changes in the population drinking habits, as a coping strategy, with all the related health problems. The aim of this work was to determine if the COVID-19 pandemic was related to a change in the alcoholic habits of the population, and what are the consequences of these changes for their health, particularly in the alcoholic liver diseases. A non-systematic review of scientific articles published in the “PubMed”, “ScienceDirect” and “Wiley Online Library” databases was carried out, using the search terms: “alcohol consumption”, “COVID-19 pandemic” and “alcoholic liver disease”. The analysis occurred in a non-systematic way, in the time period between november 2021 and april 2022, and those articles that, by their abstract, demonstrated to deviate from the objective of analysis of this review were excluded. According to a national survey carried out by SICAD between april and may 2020, the quarantine led to 42% of people drinking less, while 21% began to drink more and 37% continued to consume the same. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between changes in alcohol consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on health, especially in the incidence of alcoholic liver diseases. The evidence points to the existence of a change in consumption. However, the consequences of this change in the occurrence of alcoholic liver diseases are not yet well established and its long-term effects are still unknown, although some studies have already suggested an increase in these diseases. Thus, more research is needed to confirm the results found so far and to help understand the pandemic effects of this change on the health of populations.
Alcohol (ethanol) is a psychoactive and toxic substance that acts as a central nervous system depressant, being capable of generating dependence. Its consumption is a common practice in the population around the world, especially in social contexts. However, we know that various factors, including social and psychological problems, can lead to its abuse or chronic consumption. According to WHO data from 2016, alcohol consumption contributes to 3 million deaths per year, with the abuse of this substance being responsible for 5.1% of the global burden of disease, therefore constituting an important risk factor for premature mortality and morbidity, mainly between the ages of 15 and 49 years. With the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, social isolation, the stress combined with uncertainty and all its psychological impacts, led to a substantial increase in mental health problems, and such conditions may have triggered changes in the population drinking habits, as a coping strategy, with all the related health problems. The aim of this work was to determine if the COVID-19 pandemic was related to a change in the alcoholic habits of the population, and what are the consequences of these changes for their health, particularly in the alcoholic liver diseases. A non-systematic review of scientific articles published in the “PubMed”, “ScienceDirect” and “Wiley Online Library” databases was carried out, using the search terms: “alcohol consumption”, “COVID-19 pandemic” and “alcoholic liver disease”. The analysis occurred in a non-systematic way, in the time period between november 2021 and april 2022, and those articles that, by their abstract, demonstrated to deviate from the objective of analysis of this review were excluded. According to a national survey carried out by SICAD between april and may 2020, the quarantine led to 42% of people drinking less, while 21% began to drink more and 37% continued to consume the same. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between changes in alcohol consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on health, especially in the incidence of alcoholic liver diseases. The evidence points to the existence of a change in consumption. However, the consequences of this change in the occurrence of alcoholic liver diseases are not yet well established and its long-term effects are still unknown, although some studies have already suggested an increase in these diseases. Thus, more research is needed to confirm the results found so far and to help understand the pandemic effects of this change on the health of populations.
Description
Keywords
Alcoolismo Consumo Alcoólico Hepatite Aguda Alcoólica Hepatopatia Alcoólica Pandemia Covid19