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Authors
Abstract(s)
A presente tese possui duas seções: uma teórica e outra empírica, que abordam as falsas memórias e o paradigma DRM na produção das mesmas.
Ao longos das últimas décadas tem proliferado o interesse e os estudos sobre as falsas memórias, isto é, o facto de lembrarmos de eventos ou situações que não ocorreram, ou que não ocorreram exatamente da forma como recordamos.
O instrumento tradicionalmente mais utilizado para avaliar as falsas memórias no âmbito das pesquisas laboratoriais consiste em listas de palavras associadas. Estas são apresentadas com o intuito de serem relembradas numa fase posterior do estudo, sendo que todas as palavras da mesma lista gravitam em torno de uma palavra extra-lista (distrator crítico). O distrator crítico traduz o tema chave da lista e, embora não faça parte da lista, encontra-se semanticamente relacionado. A presente metodologia tornada célebre por Roediger e McDermott (1995), reformulada a partir dos trabalhos de Deese (1959), ficou conhecida como Paradigma Deese- Roediger-McDermott DRM).
O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar se a alteração de uma propriedade das palavras interfere com a produção de falsas memórias. Para isso, criou-se uma experiência, composta por um grupo experimental e um grupo de controlo. O grupo de controlo visualizava as palavras em letra maiúscula, tanto na fase de estudo como na fase de reconhecimento. Por sua vez, o grupo experimental estava sujeito a uma manipulação experimental, já que visualizava as palavras em maiúsculas na fase de estudo, e em minúsculas na fase de reconhecimento. Os resultados demonstraram que a produção de falsas memórias foi mais elevada no grupo de controlo.
This dissertation has two sections: a theoretical and an empirical one, which deal with false memories and the DRM paradigm in their production. Over the last few decades there has been a proliferation of interest and studies about false memories, that is, remembering events or situations that did not occur or did not occur exactly as we remembered them. The most traditional instrument used to evaluate false memories in laboratory research is lists of associated words which are presented with the intention of being recalled at a later stage of the study, and all words on the same list go around an extra-list word (critical lure). The critical lure translates the key theme of the list, and although it is not part of the list, it’s semantically related to it. The present methodology made famous by Roediger and McDermott (1995), reformulated from the works of Deese (1959), became known as Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Paradigm. The present study aims to verify if the changing of a property of the words interferes with the production of false memories. So, an experiment was created, composed by an experimental group and a control group. The control group visualized the words in capital letters, both in the study phase and in the recognition phase and the experimental group was subjected to experimental manipulation since they visualized the words in capitals in the study phase, and in small letters in the recognition phase. The results demonstrated that the production of false memories was higher in the control group.
This dissertation has two sections: a theoretical and an empirical one, which deal with false memories and the DRM paradigm in their production. Over the last few decades there has been a proliferation of interest and studies about false memories, that is, remembering events or situations that did not occur or did not occur exactly as we remembered them. The most traditional instrument used to evaluate false memories in laboratory research is lists of associated words which are presented with the intention of being recalled at a later stage of the study, and all words on the same list go around an extra-list word (critical lure). The critical lure translates the key theme of the list, and although it is not part of the list, it’s semantically related to it. The present methodology made famous by Roediger and McDermott (1995), reformulated from the works of Deese (1959), became known as Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Paradigm. The present study aims to verify if the changing of a property of the words interferes with the production of false memories. So, an experiment was created, composed by an experimental group and a control group. The control group visualized the words in capital letters, both in the study phase and in the recognition phase and the experimental group was subjected to experimental manipulation since they visualized the words in capitals in the study phase, and in small letters in the recognition phase. The results demonstrated that the production of false memories was higher in the control group.
Description
Keywords
Falsas Memórias Memória Memória Semântica Paradigma Drm