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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação está inserida na unidade curricular de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, e está organizada em três capítulos distintos: investigação laboratorial, estágio em Farmácia Hospitalar, e por último, estágio em Farmácia Comunitária. A prednisolona é um fármaco corticosteroide utilizado como terapêutica de doenças do foro imunológico e inflamatório e como adjuvante anti-emético em doentes submetidos a quimioterapia ou radioterapia, na populaçao adulta e pediátrica. Atualmente, existe comercialmente disponível, para administração por via oral, na forma de comprimidos. Uma vez que a deglutição destes comprimidos pela população pediátrica com menor idade pode ser difícil recorre-se, na prática, à trituração dos comprimidos e suspensão extemporânea em água ou, em alternativa, à administração sob a forma de uma suspensão oral manipulada. A prednisolona tem sabor amargo, mesmo após suspensão em veículo doce e aromatizado, o que diminui a adesão à terapêutica, particularmente das crianças. Esta investigação laboratorial teve como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de formulações de gomas orais de prednisolona, perspetivadas como medicamento manipulado passível de ser preparado em farmácias, por forma a mascarar as características organoléticas indesejáveis do fármaco, e assim, aumentar a adesão à terapêutica por parte da população pediátrica. Avaliaram-se as gomas orais quanto às suas caraterísticas organoléticas, massa e espessura, textura, desagregação, e foi ainda realizada uma pré-avaliação da palatibilidade das bases. Das 17 formulações preparadas foram selecionadas 4 formulações que se caracterizaram pela sua cor amarela, transparência e odor a banana, apresentando espessura e massa média adequada à administração na população pediátrica. A incorporação de prednisolona nas gomas orais não afetou a sua homogeneidade e características organoléticas em análise nesta fase. A análise texturométrica revelou diferenças entre as formulações de base consoante a sua composição (nomeadamente pela presença de goma xantana). Todas as formulações em teste se desagregaram aos 2 minutos de ensaio. A goma oral apresenta características que a tornam passível de ser manipulada a uma escala oficinal, podendo ser preparada de forma simples e rápida nos serviços farmacêuticos recorrendo ao material de laboratório e equipamento de uso corrente nestas instalações. A realização de testes de palatibilidade das formulações permitirão avaliar o sucesso desta abordagem na redução da perceção do sabor amargo da prednisolona. O estágio em Farmácia Comunitária foi realizado na Farmácia Sant’Ana, na Covilhã, entre os dias 20 de março e 2 de junho de 2017. Sob a orientação do Dra. Paula Bártolo, foi-me dada a oportunidade de integrar uma equipa de trabalho, e experienciar o funcionamento de uma farmácia com todas as funções e responsabilidades do farmacêutico neste âmbito profissional. O estágio em Farmácia Hospitalar foi realizado nos Serviços Farmacêuticos do Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, entre os dias 23 de janeiro e 17 de março de 2017, sob orientação da Dra. Olímpia Fonseca, apresenta a realidade farmacêutica da área contextualizada na atual conjuntura ética, legal e financeira inerente.
This dissertation is part of a curricular unit named Internship of Integrated Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences. It’s organized into three distinct parts: research component, Community Pharmacy traineeship and lastly Hospital Pharmacy traineeship. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid used in immune and inflammatory diseases as well as adjunctive anti-emetic therapy in adult and pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy. It’s currently commercially available for oral administration in the form of tablets. Since swallowing of these tablets may be difficult for the younger pediatric population extemporaneous (tablet grinding and suspension in water) or compounded alternatives (oral suspension) are used in clinical practice. Prednisolone has a bitter taste, even after suspension in a sweet and flavored vehicle, which decreases adherence to therapy, particularly by children. The main objective of this research is to develop formulations of prednisolone oral gums, designed as compounded medications capable of being prepared in pharmacies, in view of masking the undesirable organoleptic characteristics of the drug, therefore increasing compliance of the pediatric population. Oral gums were studied concerning some organoleptic characteristics, mass and thickness, texture, disintegration. A pre-test of palatability of the bases was also performed. Of the 17 formulations prepared, 4 formulations were selected which were characterized by their yellow color, transparency and banana smell, presenting thickness and average mass adequate for administration in the pediatric population. The incorporation of prednisolone in oral gums didn’t affect its homogeneity and organoleptic characteristics under analysis at this stage. The texturometric analysis revealed differences between the base formulations according to their composition (by the presence of xanthan gum). All formulations under test were disaggregated within 2 minutes of assay. Oral gum has characteristics that make it capable of being handled on an officinal scale, and can be prepared simply and quickly in pharmaceutical services using laboratory material and equipment commonly used. The palatability tests of the formulations will allow to evaluate the success of this approach in reducing the perception of the bitter taste of prednisolone. The Community Pharmacy traineeship was conducted in Pharmacy Sant’Ana, in Covilhã, between March 20th and June 2nd, 2017. Under the guidance of Dr. Paula Bártolo, I was given the opportunity to join a team and experience the working of a pharmacy with all functions and responsabilities carried out by the pharmacist in this professional field. The Hospital Pharmacy traineeship conducted in the Pharmaceutical Services of Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, between January 23th and June 17th of 2017, under the guidance of Dr. Olímpia Fonseca, describe the pharmaceutical reality on this field, as well as all ethical, legal and financial matters related to it.
This dissertation is part of a curricular unit named Internship of Integrated Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences. It’s organized into three distinct parts: research component, Community Pharmacy traineeship and lastly Hospital Pharmacy traineeship. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid used in immune and inflammatory diseases as well as adjunctive anti-emetic therapy in adult and pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy. It’s currently commercially available for oral administration in the form of tablets. Since swallowing of these tablets may be difficult for the younger pediatric population extemporaneous (tablet grinding and suspension in water) or compounded alternatives (oral suspension) are used in clinical practice. Prednisolone has a bitter taste, even after suspension in a sweet and flavored vehicle, which decreases adherence to therapy, particularly by children. The main objective of this research is to develop formulations of prednisolone oral gums, designed as compounded medications capable of being prepared in pharmacies, in view of masking the undesirable organoleptic characteristics of the drug, therefore increasing compliance of the pediatric population. Oral gums were studied concerning some organoleptic characteristics, mass and thickness, texture, disintegration. A pre-test of palatability of the bases was also performed. Of the 17 formulations prepared, 4 formulations were selected which were characterized by their yellow color, transparency and banana smell, presenting thickness and average mass adequate for administration in the pediatric population. The incorporation of prednisolone in oral gums didn’t affect its homogeneity and organoleptic characteristics under analysis at this stage. The texturometric analysis revealed differences between the base formulations according to their composition (by the presence of xanthan gum). All formulations under test were disaggregated within 2 minutes of assay. Oral gum has characteristics that make it capable of being handled on an officinal scale, and can be prepared simply and quickly in pharmaceutical services using laboratory material and equipment commonly used. The palatability tests of the formulations will allow to evaluate the success of this approach in reducing the perception of the bitter taste of prednisolone. The Community Pharmacy traineeship was conducted in Pharmacy Sant’Ana, in Covilhã, between March 20th and June 2nd, 2017. Under the guidance of Dr. Paula Bártolo, I was given the opportunity to join a team and experience the working of a pharmacy with all functions and responsabilities carried out by the pharmacist in this professional field. The Hospital Pharmacy traineeship conducted in the Pharmaceutical Services of Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, between January 23th and June 17th of 2017, under the guidance of Dr. Olímpia Fonseca, describe the pharmaceutical reality on this field, as well as all ethical, legal and financial matters related to it.
Description
Keywords
Análise
Texturométrica Caraterização Organolética Desagregação Farmácia Comunitária Farmácia Hospitalar Formulação Goma Oral Palatibilidade Pediatria Prednisolona