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Abstract(s)
Os transportes constituem, indubitavelmente, um dos mais importantes contributos
para o desenvolvimento regional, económico e social, sendo um componente essencial
para qualquer economia moderna. Deste modo, uma das principais motivações para a
elaboração de uma dissertação versada no transporte aéreo prende-se com procurar
compreender, em concreto, quais os indicadores de desenvolvimento económico
regional que mais diretamente estão ligados com a existência de serviço aéreo na
respetiva região.
Este trabalho começa por se focar na análise de redes de tráfego aéreo e nas métricas
mais comuns para a sua examinação. Para que se compreenda a evolução do transporte
aéreo na região dos Açores, é calculada a Eigenvector Centrality dos aeroportos do
arquipélago, de 2012 a 2022, com recurso ao Gephi, relativamente às redes de tráfego
aéreo de passageiros, a nível nacional e internacional. Relativamente à rede nacional,
conclui-se que o aeroporto João Paulo II, na ilha de São Miguel, é aquele que assume a
centralidade máxima num maior número de anos no período estudado. A centralidade
dos restantes aeroportos açorianos mostra-se inconstante, ainda que com valores
intermédios. Já no que diz respeito à rede internacional, é o aeroporto de Santa Maria
aquele com centralidade mais elevada de entre os aeroportos dos Açores. No entanto,
desta vez todos eles ocupam posições mais reduzidas na hierarquia de centralidade.
O segundo grande objetivo da dissertação diz respeito à procura de correlações entre o
transporte aéreo e o desenvolvimento regional. Dessa forma, são primeiramente
selecionados indicadores socioeconómicos da região, para depois serem aplicadas
regressões do tipo Ordinary Least Squares, com um estudo debruçado sobre os
parâmetros ??
2
, erro padrão e p-value. Encontram-se correlações principais e mais fortes
nas regressões entre: transporte aéreo de passageiros e número de dormidas em
unidades hoteleiras, o que evidencia o forte contributo do setor da aviação para o turismo
regional; transporte aéreo de carga e os indicadores PIB per capita, rendimento médio
mensal líquido da população empregada por conta de outrem e VAB das empresas
açorianas; PIB per capita e os parâmetros VAB das empresas, taxa de empregabilidade
e rendimento médio mensal líquido. A formulação de uma só equação revela a perda de
significância estatística das estimativas, o que pode resultar de problemas como a
presença de variáveis endógenas, a multicolinearidade, ou o sobredimensionamento do
modelo de regressão.
It is undoubtful that transport plays a pivotal role in regional, economic, and social development, and is a fundamental aspect of any modern economy. Consequently, the primary objective of writing a dissertation on air transport is to ascertain, in tangible terms, which regional economic development indicators are most closely associated with the presence of air services in the respective region. This work commences by analyzing air traffic networks and the most prevalent metrics for examining them. To gain insight into the evolution of air transport in the Azores, the Eigenvector Centrality of the archipelago's airports from 2012 to 2022 is calculated using Gephi, in relation to the national and international passenger air traffic networks. With regard to the national network, it can be concluded that João Paulo II airport, on the island of São Miguel, is the airport with the highest centrality in the greatest number of years in the period studied. The centrality of the other Azorean airports is inconsistent, although it does fluctuate to some extent. About the international network, Santa Maria airport has the highest centrality of any airport in the Azores. However, this time they all occupy lower positions in the centrality hierarchy. The second main goal of the dissertation is to identify correlations between air transport and regional development. Initially, socio-economic indicators for the region were selected, and then Ordinary Least Squares regressions were applied, with a focus on the ?? 2 , standard error and p-value parameters. The most significant correlations were identified in the regressions between: air passenger transport and the number of overnight stays in hotels, indicating the pivotal role of the aviation sector in regional tourism; air cargo transport and the indicators GDP per capita, average monthly net income of the employed population and GVA of Azorean companies; GDP per capita and the parameters GVA of companies, employability rate and average monthly net income. The formulation of a single equation reveals that the estimates are no longer statistically significant, which can result from several problems, including the presence of endogenous variables, multicollinearity, or the over-dimensioning of the regression model.
It is undoubtful that transport plays a pivotal role in regional, economic, and social development, and is a fundamental aspect of any modern economy. Consequently, the primary objective of writing a dissertation on air transport is to ascertain, in tangible terms, which regional economic development indicators are most closely associated with the presence of air services in the respective region. This work commences by analyzing air traffic networks and the most prevalent metrics for examining them. To gain insight into the evolution of air transport in the Azores, the Eigenvector Centrality of the archipelago's airports from 2012 to 2022 is calculated using Gephi, in relation to the national and international passenger air traffic networks. With regard to the national network, it can be concluded that João Paulo II airport, on the island of São Miguel, is the airport with the highest centrality in the greatest number of years in the period studied. The centrality of the other Azorean airports is inconsistent, although it does fluctuate to some extent. About the international network, Santa Maria airport has the highest centrality of any airport in the Azores. However, this time they all occupy lower positions in the centrality hierarchy. The second main goal of the dissertation is to identify correlations between air transport and regional development. Initially, socio-economic indicators for the region were selected, and then Ordinary Least Squares regressions were applied, with a focus on the ?? 2 , standard error and p-value parameters. The most significant correlations were identified in the regressions between: air passenger transport and the number of overnight stays in hotels, indicating the pivotal role of the aviation sector in regional tourism; air cargo transport and the indicators GDP per capita, average monthly net income of the employed population and GVA of Azorean companies; GDP per capita and the parameters GVA of companies, employability rate and average monthly net income. The formulation of a single equation reveals that the estimates are no longer statistically significant, which can result from several problems, including the presence of endogenous variables, multicollinearity, or the over-dimensioning of the regression model.
Description
Keywords
Açores Aeroporto Centralidade Desenvolvimento Económico Regional Transporte Aéreo