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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho consiste em estudar e analisar um conjunto de modelos de comunicação entre satélites e aviões, explorando novas tecnologias LEO (Low Earth Orbit)/ MEO (Medium Earth Orbit). Por muitas décadas, os aviões dependiam só de sistemas de comunicações no solo, como o NDB (Non-Directional Beacon), cujas estações terrestres transmitem numa só direcção, e o VOR (Very high frequency Omnidirectional radio Range), cujas estações transmitem em todas as direcções. Estes sistemas, operam na banda dos 118 MHz – 137 MHz, estão a ficar obsoletos e, sobretudo nos vôos transcontinentais, têm vindo a ser substituidos por comunicações via satélite. Estas comunicações já possibilitam que os passageiros possam utilizar telemóveis a bordo. A órbita terrestre é a rota de movimento dos satélites naturais ou artificiais em volta da Terra. Há quatro tipos de órbitas para satélites de comunicação que são: GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit), com uma altitude de 36000 km da Terra, LEO, com uma altitude de 500km a 1500 km, MEO, com uma altitude de 10400 km e a HEO (Highly Elliptical Orbit), com uma altitude elíptica, entre 1000 km (próximo) e 39000 km. Esta investigação foca-se nas comunicações de satélites LEO / MEO, assim como na integração com as futuras redes 5G. Através de uma simulação com a ferramenta Ansys STK, cujo objectivo é analisar os parâmetros críticos da ligação ascendente (UL) e também ligação descendente (DL), num contexto de comunicação de satélite para avião e de avião para satélite, respetivamente, estudou-se como diferentes condições meteorológicas afetam a comunicação. Verificou-se que a degradação na qualidade da comunicação apenas ocorreu logo após o satélite começar a comunicação com o avião e imediatamente antes de ocorrer o handover. Foram sugeridas também técnicas de mitigação, como a utilização de satélites redundantes, técnicas de modulação adaptativa, diversidade de frequência.
This work consists of studying and analyzing some models of communications between satellites and aircraft by exploring new LEO (Low Earth Orbit) / MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) technologies. For many decades, aircraft have relied solely on ground-based communications systems, such as the NDB (Non-Directional Beacon), whose ground stations transmit in only one direction, and the VOR (Very high frequency Omnidirectional radio Range), whose stations transmit in all directions. These systems, which operate in the 118 MHz - 137 MHz band, are becoming obsolete and, especially on transcontinental flights, have been replaced by satellite communications. These communications already allow passengers to use cell phones on board. Earth orbit is the route of movement of natural or artificial satellites around the Earth. There are four types of orbits for communication satellites: GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) with an altitude of 36000 km from Earth, LEO with an altitude of 500km to 1500 km, MEO with an altitude of 10400 km and HEO (Highly Elliptical Orbit) with an elliptical altitude between 1000 km (near) and 39000 km. This research focuses on LEO / MEO satellite communications, as well as integration with future 5G networks. Through a simulation with the Ansys STK tool, the aim has been to analyze the critical parameters of the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL), in a context of satellite-to-airplane and airplane-to-satellite communication affected by different weather conditions. It was found that the degradation in communication quality only occurred shortly after the satellite began communicating with the plane and just before the handover occurred. Mitigation techniques such as redundant satellites, adaptive modulation techniques and frequency diversity have been suggested.
This work consists of studying and analyzing some models of communications between satellites and aircraft by exploring new LEO (Low Earth Orbit) / MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) technologies. For many decades, aircraft have relied solely on ground-based communications systems, such as the NDB (Non-Directional Beacon), whose ground stations transmit in only one direction, and the VOR (Very high frequency Omnidirectional radio Range), whose stations transmit in all directions. These systems, which operate in the 118 MHz - 137 MHz band, are becoming obsolete and, especially on transcontinental flights, have been replaced by satellite communications. These communications already allow passengers to use cell phones on board. Earth orbit is the route of movement of natural or artificial satellites around the Earth. There are four types of orbits for communication satellites: GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) with an altitude of 36000 km from Earth, LEO with an altitude of 500km to 1500 km, MEO with an altitude of 10400 km and HEO (Highly Elliptical Orbit) with an elliptical altitude between 1000 km (near) and 39000 km. This research focuses on LEO / MEO satellite communications, as well as integration with future 5G networks. Through a simulation with the Ansys STK tool, the aim has been to analyze the critical parameters of the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL), in a context of satellite-to-airplane and airplane-to-satellite communication affected by different weather conditions. It was found that the degradation in communication quality only occurred shortly after the satellite began communicating with the plane and just before the handover occurred. Mitigation techniques such as redundant satellites, adaptive modulation techniques and frequency diversity have been suggested.
Description
Keywords
Comunicação Órbitas Satélites LEO Aviões
Citation
Tayná Rodrigues, Antonio D. Reis and Fernando J. Velez, “Análise de Sistemas de Comunicação LEO / MEO para Otimizar a Transmissão de Dados na Aviação,” Actas do ICEUBI – International Congress on Engineering 2024, Covilhã, Portugal, nov. 2024.
Publisher
Faculdade de Engenharia