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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A asma é uma síndrome que se caracteriza pela obstrução das vias aéreas, apresentando sintomatologia respiratória de intensidade e duração variável. Trata-se, a nível global, de uma das doenças crónicas mais comuns afetando, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, 235 milhões de pessoas e tendo conduzido a 383 000 mortes em 2015.
Apesar das causas fundamentais da doença ainda não serem completamente entendidas foram identificados diversos fatores de risco, nomeadamente predisposição genética, obesidade, poluentes, exposição ocupacional e atopia.
No que concerne às co morbilidades presentes surgem algumas particularidades, sendo importante detetar a sua presença, uma vez que estas podem complicar o processo terapêutico podendo levar ao subdiagnóstico da doença e a um pior controlo sintomatológico.
Também no que diz respeito à prevalência da asma consoante o género existem algumas singularidades, encontrando-se trabalhos de investigação que apontam no sentido da igualdade entre homens e mulheres adultos afetados, enquanto outros estabelecem o género feminino como o mais afetado.
Tendo em conta todos os aspetos referidos em relação aos padrões de prevalência da asma em diferentes grupos de uma mesma população, pareceu pertinente a realização de um estudo que contrapusesse as diferenças, não só no que toca à dicotomia homem-mulher, mas também no que concerne às co morbilidades e fatores de risco mais frequentes e com maior impacto.
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estabelecer padrões de prevalência de asma consoante o género em pacientes seguidos na consulta externa do serviço de pneumologia do Hospital Sousa Martins, na Guarda.
Para obtenção da informação pretendida foram consultados os registos clínicos na plataforma ALERT® PAPER FREE HOSPITAL dos doentes que marcaram presença na consulta de pneumologia do referido hospital entre 22 de Maio e 14 de Agosto de 2017, abrangendo dessa forma um período de, aproximadamente, 3 meses. Todos os dados foram registados informaticamente e, posteriormente, tratados e analisados com recurso ao software estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences®, versão 23 para Windows®.
Os resultados revelaram uma média de idades de 49,48 anos, correspondendo a maioria (62,0%) da amostra a elementos do género feminino. Quanto aos valores relativos ao Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), a média de valores registados foi 27,3, encontrando-se 62,0% dos indivíduos em análise na classificação “excesso de peso”. A média destes valores foi ligeiramente superior para as mulheres. Em relação à condição tabágica, verificou-se que 78,7% dos doentes nunca fumaram, sendo esse valor superior para o género feminino quando em comparação com o masculino. Também a prevalência de co morbilidades foi estudada, tendo-se constatado que 55,6% dos doentes apresentam pelo menos uma, sendo mais frequente em mulheres. A rinite alérgica constituiu, nesta população, a doença mais frequentemente associada à asma. No que diz respeito à presença ou não de algum tipo de alergia, verificou-se que a maioria dos doentes (61,1%) apresenta, de facto, pelo menos uma, sendo a mais diagnosticada a sensibilização a ervas/gramíneas. Curiosamente, os maiores valores percentuais para apresentar pelo menos uma alergia e não apresentar qualquer alergia foram superiores para o género feminino.
Após análise estatística, foi possível evidenciar que, apesar de existirem valores percentuais díspares entre os homens e mulheres desta amostra, não se pode assumir, para as variáveis em estudo, uma relação de dependência entre as mesmas e o género dos doentes.
Contrapondo todos os resultados e conclusões obtidas por esta investigação, parecerá pertinente dar continuidade a estudos desta natureza de forma a aprimorar as linhas de deteção e orientação dos doentes com asma de acordo com os diferentes padrões de prevalência e, dessa forma, minimizar os impactos associados à morbimortalidade desta patologia.
Asthma is a syndrome characterized by airway obstruction, presenting respiratory symptoms with variable intensity and duration. It is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting, according to the World Health Organization, 235 million people and having led to 383 000 deaths in 2015. Despite the fundamental causes of the disease still not being fully understood, several risk factors were identified, namely genetic predisposition, obesity, pollutants, occupational exposure and atopy. In what concerns to the present co-morbidities there are some peculiarities, being important to detect their presence, since these can complicate the therapeutic process, being able to lead to the underdiagnosis of the disease and to a worse symptomatic control. Also regarding the prevalence of asthma according to gender, there are some singularities, with research works that point towards equality between affected adult men and women, while others establish the female gender as the most affected. Taking into account all the aspects related to asthma prevalence patterns in different groups of the same population, it seemed pertinent to carry out a study that would contrast the differences, not only concerning the male-female dichotomy, but also with regard to the most frequent and with greater impact co-morbidities and risk factors. The present study was developed with the objective of establishing asthma prevalence patterns according to gender in patients followed in the pulmonology consultation at Hospital Sousa Martins, Guarda. To obtain the desired information, the clinical records of the patients present at the pulmonology consultation of the referred hospital between May 22 and August 14, 2017 were accessed on the ALERT® PAPER FREE HOSPITAL platform, covering a period of approximately 3 months. All data were informatically registered and then processed and analysed using statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences®, version 23 for Windows®. The results revealed a mean age of 49.48 years, corresponding most (62.0%) of the sample to female subjects. Regarding the values related to the Body Mass Index (BMI), the mean values recorded were 27.3, with 62.0% of the individuals under analysis being classified as "overweight". These values’ mean was slightly higher for women. Regarding the smoking status, it was verified that 78.7% of the patients never smoked, being this value greater for females in comparison to males. The prevalence of co-morbidities was also studied, with 55.6% of patients presenting at least one, being more frequent in women. Allergic rhinitis was the most frequently disease associated with asthma in this population. In what concerns to the presence or absence of some type of allergy, it was verified that most patients (61.1%) presented, in fact, at least one, being the sensitization to grasses the most diagnosed. Interestingly, the highest percentage values for presenting at least one allergy and not presenting any allergy were registered in females. After statistical analysis, it was possible to point out that, although there are disparate percentage values between men and women in this sample, it is not possible to assume, for the variables under study, a dependence relationship between those and the patients gender. Contrasting all the results and conclusions obtained by this investigation, it seems pertinent to continue studies of this nature in order to improve the lines of detection and orientation of patients with asthma according to the different prevalence patterns and, in this way, to minimize the impacts related to this pathology morbimortality.
Asthma is a syndrome characterized by airway obstruction, presenting respiratory symptoms with variable intensity and duration. It is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting, according to the World Health Organization, 235 million people and having led to 383 000 deaths in 2015. Despite the fundamental causes of the disease still not being fully understood, several risk factors were identified, namely genetic predisposition, obesity, pollutants, occupational exposure and atopy. In what concerns to the present co-morbidities there are some peculiarities, being important to detect their presence, since these can complicate the therapeutic process, being able to lead to the underdiagnosis of the disease and to a worse symptomatic control. Also regarding the prevalence of asthma according to gender, there are some singularities, with research works that point towards equality between affected adult men and women, while others establish the female gender as the most affected. Taking into account all the aspects related to asthma prevalence patterns in different groups of the same population, it seemed pertinent to carry out a study that would contrast the differences, not only concerning the male-female dichotomy, but also with regard to the most frequent and with greater impact co-morbidities and risk factors. The present study was developed with the objective of establishing asthma prevalence patterns according to gender in patients followed in the pulmonology consultation at Hospital Sousa Martins, Guarda. To obtain the desired information, the clinical records of the patients present at the pulmonology consultation of the referred hospital between May 22 and August 14, 2017 were accessed on the ALERT® PAPER FREE HOSPITAL platform, covering a period of approximately 3 months. All data were informatically registered and then processed and analysed using statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences®, version 23 for Windows®. The results revealed a mean age of 49.48 years, corresponding most (62.0%) of the sample to female subjects. Regarding the values related to the Body Mass Index (BMI), the mean values recorded were 27.3, with 62.0% of the individuals under analysis being classified as "overweight". These values’ mean was slightly higher for women. Regarding the smoking status, it was verified that 78.7% of the patients never smoked, being this value greater for females in comparison to males. The prevalence of co-morbidities was also studied, with 55.6% of patients presenting at least one, being more frequent in women. Allergic rhinitis was the most frequently disease associated with asthma in this population. In what concerns to the presence or absence of some type of allergy, it was verified that most patients (61.1%) presented, in fact, at least one, being the sensitization to grasses the most diagnosed. Interestingly, the highest percentage values for presenting at least one allergy and not presenting any allergy were registered in females. After statistical analysis, it was possible to point out that, although there are disparate percentage values between men and women in this sample, it is not possible to assume, for the variables under study, a dependence relationship between those and the patients gender. Contrasting all the results and conclusions obtained by this investigation, it seems pertinent to continue studies of this nature in order to improve the lines of detection and orientation of patients with asthma according to the different prevalence patterns and, in this way, to minimize the impacts related to this pathology morbimortality.
Description
Keywords
Asma Atopia Co Morbilidades Género Tabagismo