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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O radão é um gás presente na atmosfera, sendo a principal fonte de radiação
natural a que estamos expostos. Inicialmente, foi descoberto que a exposição laboral ao
radão seria a principal causa de morte em mineiros europeus, dado que em ambientes pouco
ventilados este elemento pode atingir concentrações mais elevadas e nocivas para a saúde
humana. Foram então efetuados estudos sobre como as concentrações deste elemento em
ambientes residenciais poderiam afetar a saúde das populações. O aumento da
concentração de radão na atmosfera residencial está associado a um aumento da incidência
de neoplasia pulmonar, sendo este o segundo fator de risco com maior impacto para esta
patologia depois do tabagismo. Existe um efeito sinérgico entre estes dois fatores de risco,
dado que a sua sobreposição eleva o risco em 20 a 25%.
Objetivo: Nesta dissertação, serão relacionados os efeitos da exposição ao radão com o
risco de doença, com o objetivo de uma melhor compreensão do seu impacto na saúde
humana. Assim, serão abordados os diferentes aspetos do seu sinergismo com o tabaco e
outros carcinogénicos, bem como a sua associação com outras patologias não neoplásicas.
Serão ainda enfatizadas as principais medidas de prevenção e de mitigação.
Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica temática e uma recolha de artigos
na base de dados online PubMed. Esta foi feita através da combinação de várias palavraschaves nomeadamente: “radon exposure and health”, “effects and radon”, “radon and
radiation”, “radon and prevention”, “radon and lung cancer”, “knowledge and radon”,
sendo complementada com uma pesquisa no portal da Organização Mundial de Saúde e da
Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (apambiente.pt). Desta pesquisa resultaram 68 artigos,
dos quais 8 foram excluídos pela leitura do título e do resumo, por não se enquadrarem no
tema abordado, resultando assim 60 artigos, sendo que destes 6 foram excluídos após
leitura do artigo na íntegra por não se enquadrarem no tema ou não possuírem informação
relevante para a elaboração deste trabalho. Para tal foram usados os seguintes critérios de
inclusão: publicações feitas nos últimos 10 anos e idiomas português, espanhol e inglês.
Conclusão: O radão é um problema de saúde pública de extrema importância para a
população, pelo que se torna imperativo aumentar o conhecimento público sobre a
exposição a este gás e os efeitos que desta advêm para a saúde humana. Deste modo, é
necessário um investimento significativo na sua prevenção/mitigação, uma vez que este é
muito limitado. Como tal, é crucial a sensibilização e educação da população para este
importante problema de saúde pública, além da promoção de investigação epidemiológica
sobre o radão em Portugal.
Introduction: Radon is a common gas present in the atmosphere, being the main source of natural radiation to which we are exposed. Initially, it was discovered that occupational exposure to radon was the main cause of death in European miners, given that in poorly ventilated environments this element can reach higher concentrations and harmful to human health. Studies were then based on how the concentrations of this element in residential environments could affect the health of populations. The increase in the concentration of radon in the residential atmosphere is associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, which is the second risk factor with the greatest impact for this pathology after smoking. There is a synergistic effect between these two risk factors, as their overlap increases the risk by 20 to 25%. Objective: In this dissertation, the effects of radon exposure will be related to the risk of disease, with the aim of a better understanding of its impact on human health. Thus, the different aspects of its synergism with tobacco and other carcinogens will be addressed, as well as its association with other non-neoplastic pathologies. The main prevention and mitigation measures will also be emphasized. Methodology: A thematic bibliographic search and a collection of articles were carried out in the online database PubMed. This was done by combining several keywords namely: “radon exposure and health”, “effects and radon”, “radon and radiation”, “radon and prevention”, “radon and lung cancer”, “knowledge and radon”, being complemented with a search on the portal of the World Health Organization and the Portuguese Environment Agency (apambiente.pt). This research resulted in 68 articles, of which 8 were excluded by reading the title and abstract, because they did not fit the theme addressed, thus resulting in 60 articles, of which 6 were excluded after reading the article in full because they did not fit the theme or did not have relevant information for the elaboration of this work. The following inclusion criteria were used: publications made in the last 10 years and languages Portuguese, Spanish and English. Conclusion: Radon is a public health problem of extreme importance in the population, so it is imperative to increase public knowledge about exposure and health effects and their prevention/mitigation, because this is very limited. As such, it is crucial to raise awareness and educate the population about this important public health problem, in addition to promoting epidemiological research on radon in Portugal.
Introduction: Radon is a common gas present in the atmosphere, being the main source of natural radiation to which we are exposed. Initially, it was discovered that occupational exposure to radon was the main cause of death in European miners, given that in poorly ventilated environments this element can reach higher concentrations and harmful to human health. Studies were then based on how the concentrations of this element in residential environments could affect the health of populations. The increase in the concentration of radon in the residential atmosphere is associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, which is the second risk factor with the greatest impact for this pathology after smoking. There is a synergistic effect between these two risk factors, as their overlap increases the risk by 20 to 25%. Objective: In this dissertation, the effects of radon exposure will be related to the risk of disease, with the aim of a better understanding of its impact on human health. Thus, the different aspects of its synergism with tobacco and other carcinogens will be addressed, as well as its association with other non-neoplastic pathologies. The main prevention and mitigation measures will also be emphasized. Methodology: A thematic bibliographic search and a collection of articles were carried out in the online database PubMed. This was done by combining several keywords namely: “radon exposure and health”, “effects and radon”, “radon and radiation”, “radon and prevention”, “radon and lung cancer”, “knowledge and radon”, being complemented with a search on the portal of the World Health Organization and the Portuguese Environment Agency (apambiente.pt). This research resulted in 68 articles, of which 8 were excluded by reading the title and abstract, because they did not fit the theme addressed, thus resulting in 60 articles, of which 6 were excluded after reading the article in full because they did not fit the theme or did not have relevant information for the elaboration of this work. The following inclusion criteria were used: publications made in the last 10 years and languages Portuguese, Spanish and English. Conclusion: Radon is a public health problem of extreme importance in the population, so it is imperative to increase public knowledge about exposure and health effects and their prevention/mitigation, because this is very limited. As such, it is crucial to raise awareness and educate the population about this important public health problem, in addition to promoting epidemiological research on radon in Portugal.
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Keywords
Cancro Conhecimento da População Medidas de Prevenção e Mitigação Neoplasia Pulmonar Radão Saúde Pública