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Abstract(s)
O consumo de tabaco constitui hoje um dos principais problemas de saúde
pública.O tabaco é uma das drogas mais consumidas no mundo, apesar do elevado
número de mortes e doenças aque está diretamente ligadoe aos problemas sociais e
ambientais que causa. A iniciação do consumo de tabaco ocorre, na maioria dos casos,
durante a adolescência. É necessário conhecer melhor este comportamento para
aumentar a efetividade dos programas de prevenção e cessaçãodirigidos aos jovens.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo geral explorara perspetiva dos jovens sobre
os fatores relacionados com o comportamento tabágico (fumar, não fumar e deixar de
fumar).
O estudo adota uma metodologia qualitativa. Foram aplicados 15 questionários
e realizadas 15 entrevistas a jovens do secundário, mais especificamente, a 5 alunos do
10º ano (2 não fumadores, 2 fumadores e 1 ex-fumador), 5 alunos do 11º ano (3 não
fumadores, 1 fumador e 1 ex-fumador) e 5 alunos do 12º ano (3 fumadores e 2 exfumadores), fazendo um total de 15 participantes (5 não fumadores, 6 fumadores e 4
ex-fumadores).A informação foi organizada em três categorias principais: “Causas de
fumar e não fumar”, “Efeitos/consequências de se fumar”, “Prevenir/cessar o
comportamento tabágico”.
Na categoria “Causas de fumar e não fumar”,os conteúdos mais referidos pelos
participantes foram os vários motivos para “não fumar” (12 participantes) e a “pressão
social para fumar” (9 participantes). Os menos referidos foram a“integração no
grupo/inclusão” e os “pais” (ambas 3 vezes).
Na categoria “Efeitos/consequências de se fumar”, os conteúdos mais
mencionados foram o “risco para a saúde/doenças” (13 alunos, o mais referido entre
todos os conteúdos considerados) e a “dependência(vício)” (5 alunos). Os menos
abordadosforam o “fumo passivo” e a“pele/envelhecimento/aparência”, com apenas 1
aluno a mencionar cada.
Na categoria “Prevenir/cessar o comportamento tabágico”, os conteúdosque
mais se destacam são a “consciência/pensamento das consequências” e a “força de
vontade” com 11 referências cada. Os que menos se destacam foram a “redução” (com 3
menções) e a “meditação” (com apenas uma). Os participantes apresentam respostas e opiniões semelhantes, o que sugere
elevada homogeneidade na perspetiva dos jovens sobre estes problemas, mesmo que
alguns fumem e outros não. Os resultados sugerem que os jovens têm a informação
essencial sobre o tabagismo, as suas causas e as suas consequências. Ainda assim,
alguns aspetos destacados pela literatura como causas e consequências de fumar são
desvalorizados pelos jovens, como a influência dos pares, o uso de tabaco para lidar
com as emoções, o impacto de fumar na aparência e a importância do fumo passivo
como problema de saúde pública e ambiental. Desenvolver estes conteúdos nos
programas de prevenção poderá contribuir para aumentar a sua efetividade.
Tobacco consumption is today one of the main public health problems. Tobacco is one of the most consumed drugs in the world, despite the high number of deaths and diseases to which it is directly linked and the social and environmental problems it causes. Initiation of tobacco consumption occurs, in most cases, during adolescence. It is necessary to better understand this behavior to increase the effectiveness of prevention and cessation programs aimed at young people. This dissertation aims to explore the perspective of young people on factors related to smoking behavior (smoking, not smoking and quitting smoking). The study adopts a qualitative methodology. 15 questionnaires were applied and 15 interviews were carried out with high school students, more specifically, with 5 10th grade students (2 non-smokers, 2 smokers and 1 ex-smoker), 5 11th grade students (3 non-smokers, 1 smoker and 1 ex-smoker) and 5 12th grade students (3 smokers and 2 ex-smokers), making a total of 15 participants (5 non-smokers, 6 smokers and 4 exsmokers). The information was organized into three main categories: “Causes of smoking and not smoking”, “Effects/consequences of smoking”, “Preventing/stopping smoking behavior”. In the category “Causes of smoking and not smoking”, the contents most mentioned by the participants were the various reasons for “not smoking” (12 participants) and “social pressure to smoke” (9 participants). The least mentioned were “integration into the group/inclusion” and “parents” (both 3 times). In the category “Effects/consequences of smoking”, the most mentioned contents were “risk to health/diseases” (13 students, the most mentioned among all the contents considered) and “dependence (addiction)” (5 students). The least discussed were “secondhand smoke” and “skin/aging/appearance”, with only 1 student mentioning each. In the category “Preventing/stopping smoking behavior”, the contents that stand out the most are “awareness/thought of consequences” and “willpower” with 11 references each. The ones that stand out the least were “reduction” (with 3 mentions) and “meditation” (with only one). Participants present similar responses and opinions, which suggests high homogeneity in young people's perspective on these problems, even if some smoke and others do not. The results suggest that young people have essential information about smoking, its causes and consequences. Even so, some aspects highlighted in the literature as causes and consequences of smoking are undervalued by young people, such as peer influence, the use of tobacco to deal with emotions, the impact of smoking on appearance and the importance of passive smoking as a problem of public and environmental health. Developing these contents in prevention programs can help to increase their effectiveness.
Tobacco consumption is today one of the main public health problems. Tobacco is one of the most consumed drugs in the world, despite the high number of deaths and diseases to which it is directly linked and the social and environmental problems it causes. Initiation of tobacco consumption occurs, in most cases, during adolescence. It is necessary to better understand this behavior to increase the effectiveness of prevention and cessation programs aimed at young people. This dissertation aims to explore the perspective of young people on factors related to smoking behavior (smoking, not smoking and quitting smoking). The study adopts a qualitative methodology. 15 questionnaires were applied and 15 interviews were carried out with high school students, more specifically, with 5 10th grade students (2 non-smokers, 2 smokers and 1 ex-smoker), 5 11th grade students (3 non-smokers, 1 smoker and 1 ex-smoker) and 5 12th grade students (3 smokers and 2 ex-smokers), making a total of 15 participants (5 non-smokers, 6 smokers and 4 exsmokers). The information was organized into three main categories: “Causes of smoking and not smoking”, “Effects/consequences of smoking”, “Preventing/stopping smoking behavior”. In the category “Causes of smoking and not smoking”, the contents most mentioned by the participants were the various reasons for “not smoking” (12 participants) and “social pressure to smoke” (9 participants). The least mentioned were “integration into the group/inclusion” and “parents” (both 3 times). In the category “Effects/consequences of smoking”, the most mentioned contents were “risk to health/diseases” (13 students, the most mentioned among all the contents considered) and “dependence (addiction)” (5 students). The least discussed were “secondhand smoke” and “skin/aging/appearance”, with only 1 student mentioning each. In the category “Preventing/stopping smoking behavior”, the contents that stand out the most are “awareness/thought of consequences” and “willpower” with 11 references each. The ones that stand out the least were “reduction” (with 3 mentions) and “meditation” (with only one). Participants present similar responses and opinions, which suggests high homogeneity in young people's perspective on these problems, even if some smoke and others do not. The results suggest that young people have essential information about smoking, its causes and consequences. Even so, some aspects highlighted in the literature as causes and consequences of smoking are undervalued by young people, such as peer influence, the use of tobacco to deal with emotions, the impact of smoking on appearance and the importance of passive smoking as a problem of public and environmental health. Developing these contents in prevention programs can help to increase their effectiveness.
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Keywords
Causas Cessação Comportamento Tabágico Prevenção Riscos Tabaco