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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: Em Portugal, graças às recentes alterações da legislação, foi aceite a adoção por
casais homossexuais. Assim, na sociedade atual assiste-se a uma redefinição do conceito de
família, passa a dar-se mais relevância à vertente afetiva em detrimento da vertente biológica.
A adoção tem como principal objetivo realizar o superior interesse da criança, defendendo
sempre em primeiro lugar as suas necessidades sendo, neste caso, crescer num meio familiar
carinhoso e protetor que garanta um crescimento seguro e adequado. Para que isto aconteça
não deverá haver critério de exclusão de candidatos com base apenas na sua orientação sexual.
Objetivos: Pretende-se abordar a evolução histórica da homoparentalidade, quer do ponto de
vista legislativo, quer do ponto de vista da comunidade médico-científica, abordar o processo
de adoção e a formação dos seus responsáveis, comparar dados sobre o desenvolvimento das
crianças em meios familiares homo e heterossexuais e comparar as respetivas competências
parentais destes casais, abordar a estigmatização social e por parte dos serviços de saúde.
Pretende-se responder à seguinte questão “Estará Portugal preparado para a
homoparentalidade?”
Metodologia: A metodologia consiste numa revisão integrada de literatura em que foram
incluídos na análise artigos e livros científicos, Diários da República, projetos de lei e
dissertações de mestrado publicados em português e inglês, relacionados com a temática. A
pesquisa foi efetuada em bases de dados online como Pubmed, SciELO, Science Direct e Diário
da República Eletrónico. A pesquisa incluiu também a procura de referências bibliográficas que
constavam nos artigos selecionados.
Resultados: A adoção homoparental foi permitida em Portugal com a entrada em vigor da lei
nº2/2016 no dia 1 de Março de 2016. Do ponto de vista médico, a homossexualidade evoluiu
desde ser considerada como transtorno mental até à remoção por completo deste termo quer
da Classificação Internacional de Doenças quer do Manual de Diagnóstico e Estatístico de
Transtornos Mentais.
Em relação ao processo de adoção e à formação dos responsáveis pelo processo, existe o
Regulamento do Processo de Adoção e o Conselho Nacional para a Adoção que determinam
todos os procedimentos e requisitos a cumprir para que este processo se possa desenrolar da
melhor forma possível.
Apesar das estatísticas não serem bem conhecidas estima-se que cerca de 23 mil crianças em
Portugal sejam criadas por famílias homoparentais. Com base nestes e noutros dados, vários
estudos foram realizados para analisar o desenvolvimento destas crianças e conclui-se não
existirem diferenças no bem-estar psicológico, no desenvolvimento cognitivo, na adaptação social e na relação pais-filhos entre famílias homossexuais e heterossexuais. Para além disto,
também na área das competências parentais não existem diferenças entre pessoas homo ou
heterossexuais.
Apesar da evidência científica, é muito comum na sociedade a estigmatização destas
conformações familiares que é evidenciada tanto a nível social como a nível de acesso a
cuidados de saúde e aos serviços sociais.
Conclusão: Todas as crianças têm necessidade de vínculos afetivos e sociais e o direito a uma
família, por isso, independentemente da orientação sexual dos pais ou conformação familiar
dos candidatos, a adoção deve ser considerada.
Em resposta à questão principal desta dissertação, a tendência da população mais instruída é
direcionar-se para a aceitação da homoparentalidade, no entanto, Portugal ainda tem um longo
caminho a percorrer a nível social.
Introduction: In Portugal, thanks to recent changes of legislation, adoption by homosexual couples has been accepted. This way, in the current society we can watch to a redefinition of the family concept, it is given more relevance to the emotional strand than the biological one. Adoption’s main goal is to fulfill the interest of a child, always defending first his or hers needs, that in this case are growing up in a loving and protective family that guarantees a secure and adequate development. For this to happen it must not exist an exclusion criteria of candidates based on sexual orientation. Objectives: It is intended to approach the historical evolution of homoparenting from the legislative and medical point of view, approach the adoption process and the professional training, to compare data about the children development in homo and straight families and to compare their parenting skills, to approach social stigma and stigma by health and social services. It is intended to answer the following question: “Is Portugal ready for homoparenting?” Methodology: The methodology consists in integrated review of literature in which were included scientific articles and books, law decrees and projects, and master’s degree papers that were in portuguese and english related to the subject. The search was done using online databases such as Pubmed, SciELO, Science Direct and Diário da República Eletrónico. The search included bibliographic references of the articles included. Results: Homoparental adoption was permitted in Portugal with the law nº2/2016 that was published in March 1st of 2016. From the medical point of view, homosexuality evolved from mental disorder to the complete removal of this denomination from the International Classification of Diseases and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. In what regards the adoption process and the training of its professionals there is “Regulamento do Processo de Adoção” and “Conselho Nacional para a Adoção” that determine all the procedures and requirements to develop this process in the best way possible. Although the statistics are not well known, it is estimated that 23 thousand kids in Portugal are raised by gay or lesbian families. Based on this and other data several studies were conducted to analyze these children development and it was concluded that there are no differences between physiological well-being, cognitive development, social adjust and parent-child relationship in gay or lesbian families and heterosexual families. Besides this, regarding parenting skills there is no difference between a homosexual or heterosexual person. Despite the scientific evidence it is very common to exist stigma in society related to different families whether in a social level or health and social services level. Conclusion: All children have the need for affective and social bonds and the right for a family, therefore regardless of the parents’ sexual orientation adoption must be considered. To answer this study main question, the tendency of the more educated is towards the acceptance of homoparenting, however Portugal still has a long way to go in a social perspective.
Introduction: In Portugal, thanks to recent changes of legislation, adoption by homosexual couples has been accepted. This way, in the current society we can watch to a redefinition of the family concept, it is given more relevance to the emotional strand than the biological one. Adoption’s main goal is to fulfill the interest of a child, always defending first his or hers needs, that in this case are growing up in a loving and protective family that guarantees a secure and adequate development. For this to happen it must not exist an exclusion criteria of candidates based on sexual orientation. Objectives: It is intended to approach the historical evolution of homoparenting from the legislative and medical point of view, approach the adoption process and the professional training, to compare data about the children development in homo and straight families and to compare their parenting skills, to approach social stigma and stigma by health and social services. It is intended to answer the following question: “Is Portugal ready for homoparenting?” Methodology: The methodology consists in integrated review of literature in which were included scientific articles and books, law decrees and projects, and master’s degree papers that were in portuguese and english related to the subject. The search was done using online databases such as Pubmed, SciELO, Science Direct and Diário da República Eletrónico. The search included bibliographic references of the articles included. Results: Homoparental adoption was permitted in Portugal with the law nº2/2016 that was published in March 1st of 2016. From the medical point of view, homosexuality evolved from mental disorder to the complete removal of this denomination from the International Classification of Diseases and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. In what regards the adoption process and the training of its professionals there is “Regulamento do Processo de Adoção” and “Conselho Nacional para a Adoção” that determine all the procedures and requirements to develop this process in the best way possible. Although the statistics are not well known, it is estimated that 23 thousand kids in Portugal are raised by gay or lesbian families. Based on this and other data several studies were conducted to analyze these children development and it was concluded that there are no differences between physiological well-being, cognitive development, social adjust and parent-child relationship in gay or lesbian families and heterosexual families. Besides this, regarding parenting skills there is no difference between a homosexual or heterosexual person. Despite the scientific evidence it is very common to exist stigma in society related to different families whether in a social level or health and social services level. Conclusion: All children have the need for affective and social bonds and the right for a family, therefore regardless of the parents’ sexual orientation adoption must be considered. To answer this study main question, the tendency of the more educated is towards the acceptance of homoparenting, however Portugal still has a long way to go in a social perspective.
Description
Keywords
Adoção Homoparental Estigma Homossexualidade Lgbt Saúde Mental