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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente Relatório tem por base as três vertentes experienciadas durante o meu Estágio
Curricular inserido no plano de estudos do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas:
Farmácia Hospitalar, Farmácia Comunitária e Investigação.
O primeiro capítulo diz respeito à investigação desenvolvida no âmbito do trabalho sobre os
inibidores das Janus Associated Kinases (JAK) na terapêutica farmacológica. Os inibidores das
JAK são uma estratégia recente direcionada para o tratamento de diversas patologias como a
artrite reumatoide, a psoríase, a alopecia areata e diversos tipos de cancro. Contudo, estes
medicamentos estão associados a reações adversas graves, sendo subentendida a importância
da monitorização farmacoterapêutica dos doentes submetidos a estes tratamentos. O objetivo
do estudo foi efetuar uma revisão dos diferentes inibidores das JAK aprovados no mercado
nacional e internacional, suas indicações terapêuticas e efeitos adversos, bem como as
potenciais indicações em investigação dos inibidores das JAK já introduzidos no mercado
farmacêutico. Foi ainda efetuada uma revisão dos principais inibidores das JAK que ainda se
encontram em investigação clínica. Efetuou-se uma revisão bibliográfica do Resumo das
Características do Medicamento (RCM) dos inibidores das JAK disponíveis no mercado
farmacêutico bem como, uma pesquisa na base de dados eletrónica da PuBMed, recorrendo
aos termos «JAK inhibitors», «Janus Associated Kinases inhibitors» e «Janus Kinases
inhibitors», de artigos publicados desde janeiro de 2014 até janeiro de 2015, tendo sido
incluídos 92 artigos na revisão efetuada. Foram também consultadas as bases de dados da
European Medicines Agency (EMA) e da United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) de
forma a percecionar os inibidores das JAK autorizados na prática clínica. Atualmente, apenas
o ruxolitinib, tofacitinib estão disponíveis no mercado farmacêutico, subsistindo ainda a
aprovação do oclatinib enquanto medicamento de uso veterinário. Ambos os fármacos de uso
humano apresentam efeitos adversos major ao nível hematológico e imunológico, facto que
reforça a importância do papel do farmacêutico no acompanhamento dos doentes implicados
nestes tratamentos. Porém, em estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos encontra-se inúmeras
moléculas que tentam provar o seu potencial no tratamento de diversas patologias de
natureza imune, inflamatória e oncológica. Assim, ainda é necessário aprofundar o
conhecimento nesta área por forma a ultrapassar os riscos inerentes à terapia com estes
agentes, riscos esses que, contrabalançados com os benefícios do seu uso clínico, têm
comprometido o avanço de diversos inibidores das JAK com potencial demonstrado.
O segundo e terceiro capítulo são referentes ao estágio em Farmácia Hospitalar, realizado nos
Serviços Farmacêuticos da Unidade Hospitalar de Lamego e ao estágio em FarmáciaComunitária, decorrido na Farmácia Castro, no Peso da Régua. Ambos os capítulos remetem
para a experiência vivida durante estes seis meses, transmitindo alguns dos conhecimentos e
Comunitária, decorrido na Farmácia Castro, no Peso da Régua. Ambos os capítulos remetem
para a experiência vivida durante estes seis meses, transmitindo alguns dos conhecimentos e
competências adquiridas ao longo dos estágios, enriquecendo, desta forma, a minha formação
académica.
This report is based on three areas experienced during my traineeship inserted in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Master’s degree study plan: Hospital Pharmacy, Community Pharmacy and Research. The first chapter is related to the research work about Janus Associated Kinase (JAK) inhibitors in pharmacological therapy. JAK inhibitors are a new strategy for the treatment of different clinical conditions like arthritis, psoriasis, alopecia areata and multiple cancer types. However, JAK inhibitors are associated to major adverse drug reactions, which reinforce the importance of close monitoring by healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to perform a review of all JAK inhibitors that are available in national and international pharmaceuticals markets, their therapeutic indications and adverse effects, and the potential indications for investigation of those already on the pharmaceutical market. It was also performed a review of the main JAK inhibitors that are still in clinical research. A literature review was conducted by consulting the Summary of Product Characteristics of JAK inhibitors available in the pharmaceutical market and a research in the PuBMed electronic database using the terms «JAK inhibitors», «Janus Associated Kinases inhibitors» and «Janus Kinases inhibitors» and 92 publications were included in the present review, published from January 2014 to January 2015. Drug databases of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were also consulted to search for JAK inhibitors authorized in clinical practice. Currently, only ruxolitinib and tofacitinib are available in the pharmaceutical market, still subsisting the approval of oclatinib as a veterinary medicinal product. Both the human drugs have major adverse effects at hematological and immunological levels, which enhance the importance of the pharmacist's role in the monitoring of patients involved in these treatments. However, several molecules are in pre-clinical and clinical studies trying to prove its potential in the treatment of various disorders such as immune nature, inflammatory and cancer. Thus, it is still necessary to deepen the knowledge in this area in order to overcome the risks of therapy with these agents. These risks weighed against the benefits of its clinical use, have compromised the progress of various inhibitors of JAK with proven potential. The second and third chapters are related to my internship in Hospital Pharmacy, performed in hospital pharmaceutical services of hospital unit of Lamego and my internship in Community Pharmacy, undertaken in Farmácia Castro, in Peso da Régua. Both chapters refer to the experience during the last six months, describing some of the knowledge and skills acquired throughout the stages, enriching in this way, my academic training.
This report is based on three areas experienced during my traineeship inserted in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Master’s degree study plan: Hospital Pharmacy, Community Pharmacy and Research. The first chapter is related to the research work about Janus Associated Kinase (JAK) inhibitors in pharmacological therapy. JAK inhibitors are a new strategy for the treatment of different clinical conditions like arthritis, psoriasis, alopecia areata and multiple cancer types. However, JAK inhibitors are associated to major adverse drug reactions, which reinforce the importance of close monitoring by healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to perform a review of all JAK inhibitors that are available in national and international pharmaceuticals markets, their therapeutic indications and adverse effects, and the potential indications for investigation of those already on the pharmaceutical market. It was also performed a review of the main JAK inhibitors that are still in clinical research. A literature review was conducted by consulting the Summary of Product Characteristics of JAK inhibitors available in the pharmaceutical market and a research in the PuBMed electronic database using the terms «JAK inhibitors», «Janus Associated Kinases inhibitors» and «Janus Kinases inhibitors» and 92 publications were included in the present review, published from January 2014 to January 2015. Drug databases of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were also consulted to search for JAK inhibitors authorized in clinical practice. Currently, only ruxolitinib and tofacitinib are available in the pharmaceutical market, still subsisting the approval of oclatinib as a veterinary medicinal product. Both the human drugs have major adverse effects at hematological and immunological levels, which enhance the importance of the pharmacist's role in the monitoring of patients involved in these treatments. However, several molecules are in pre-clinical and clinical studies trying to prove its potential in the treatment of various disorders such as immune nature, inflammatory and cancer. Thus, it is still necessary to deepen the knowledge in this area in order to overcome the risks of therapy with these agents. These risks weighed against the benefits of its clinical use, have compromised the progress of various inhibitors of JAK with proven potential. The second and third chapters are related to my internship in Hospital Pharmacy, performed in hospital pharmaceutical services of hospital unit of Lamego and my internship in Community Pharmacy, undertaken in Farmácia Castro, in Peso da Régua. Both chapters refer to the experience during the last six months, describing some of the knowledge and skills acquired throughout the stages, enriching in this way, my academic training.
Description
Keywords
Efeitos Adversos Farmácia Comunitária Farmácia Hospitalar Inibidores das Jak Investigação Clínica