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Authors
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A candidĂase vulvovaginal Ă© a segunda vaginite mais prevalente a nĂvel
mundial. A maioria, se nĂŁo todas as mulheres sĂŁo colonizadas por Candida spp no trato
vaginal em algum momento das suas vidas. E embora a candidĂase represente um
problema de importĂąncia global na saĂșde pĂșblica, a sua caracterização epidemiolĂłgica Ă©
difĂcil de determinar, o que pode ser explicado pela falta de vigilĂąncia regular e pela nĂŁo
obrigatoriedade de notificação da ocorrĂȘncia destas infeçÔes. Em Portugal, as informaçÔes
epidemiológicas são escassas, tendo apenas um estudo sido publicado até à data de hoje.
Objetivos: Como objetivo principal deste trabalho pretendeu-se avaliar a prevalĂȘncia de
colonização e de infeção por Candida spp, e conhecer a distribuição das espécies, no
Centro Hospitalar UniversitĂĄrio Cova da Beira durante o perĂodo de janeiro de 2011 a
dezembro de 2021.
MĂ©todos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, analĂtico e retrospetivo, baseado no
diagnĂłstico laboratorial por meio de cultura, com recurso aos processos clĂnicos das
utentes testadas para Candida spp no CHUCB, no perĂodo de 2011 a 2021. No total, foram
incluĂdos 764 pedidos, apĂłs aplicação de critĂ©rios de inclusĂŁo e exclusĂŁo.
Resultados: Neste estudo, observou-se uma prevalĂȘncia global de Candida spp de 19,4%
(n=148). Observou-se tambĂ©m uma prevalĂȘncia de candidĂase vulvovaginal de 20,5%
(n=116), e de colonização assintomåtica de 16,1% (n=32). Registou-se uma maior
prevalĂȘncia de Candida spp nas mulheres com idades entre os 15 e 50 anos - 20,9%,
relativamente a mulheres com <15 anos - 6,3%, e em mulheres com > 50 anos - 11%, sendo
esta diferença estatisticamente significativa (p value=0,034). A espécie mais
frequentemente isolada foi C. albicans, tanto no grupo das mulheres sintomĂĄticas como
das mulheres sem sintomas, apresentando uma prevalĂȘncia de 90,5% e 68,8%,
respetivamente. Das espécies Não Candida albicans, Candida glabrata foi a segunda
espécie mais isolada em cultura, seguida de Candida parapsilosis apresentando uma
prevalĂȘncia de 8,1% (n=12) e de 3,4% (n=5), respetivamente.Neste estudo, ao longo dos 11
anos, observou-se uma estabilidade no nĂșmero de pedidos de cultura para o diagnĂłstico
de candidĂase, no Centro Hospitalar UniversitĂĄrio da Cova da Beira.
ConclusĂŁo: A candidĂase vulvovaginal Ă© uma causa importante de morbilidade no sexo
feminino. O diagnĂłstico requer a correlação de achados clĂnicos e confirmação da
presença da levedura, uma vez que a sintomatologia nĂŁo Ă© patognomĂłnica da infeção. Ă
importante os clĂnicos saberem mais acerca do contexto epidemiolĂłgico da regiĂŁo, de modo a identificar possĂveis fatores de risco e nĂŁo incorrer em diagnĂłsticos errados e
tratamentos supérfluos.
Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most prevalent vaginitis worldwide. Most, if not all women are colonized by Candida spp in the vaginal tract at some point in their lives. And although candidiasis represents a problem of global importance in public health, its epidemiological characterization is difficult to determine, which can be explained by the lack of regular surveillance and the non-obligation of notification of the occurrence of these infections. In Portugal, epidemiological information is scarce, with only one study published yet. Objectives: The main objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of colonization and infection by Candida spp, and to know the distribution of species, at Centro Hospitalar UniversitĂĄrio Cova da Beira during the period from January 2011 to December 2021. Methods: This is an observational, analytical, and retrospective study, based on laboratory diagnosis through culture, using the clinical files of users tested for Candida spp at CHUCB, in the period from 2011 to 2021. Were included 764 requests after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In this study, a global prevalence of Candida spp of 19.4% (n=148) was observed. There was also a prevalence of VVC of 20.5% (n=116) and a prevalence of asymptomatic colonization of 16.1% (n=32). There was a higher prevalence of Candida spp in women aged between 15 and 50 years old - 20.9%, compared to women aged <15 years old - 6.3%, and in women aged > 50 years old - 11%, with this statistically significant difference (p=0.034). The most frequently isolated species was C. albicans both in the group of symptomatic and symptom-free women, with a prevalence of 90.5% and 68.8%, respectively. Of the Non Candida albicans species, C. glabrata was the second most isolated species in culture, followed by C. parapsilosis with a prevalence of 8.1% (n=12) and 3.4% (n=5), respectively. In this study, over 11 years, was observed a stability in the number of culture requests for the diagnosis of candidiasis at CHUCB. Conclusion: VVCs are an important cause of morbidity in females. Diagnosis requires a correlation of clinical findings and confirmation of the presence of the yeast since the symptomatology is not pathognomonic of the infection. Clinicians need to know more about the epidemiological context of the region, to identify possible risk factors and not incur wrong diagnoses and superfluous treatments.
Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most prevalent vaginitis worldwide. Most, if not all women are colonized by Candida spp in the vaginal tract at some point in their lives. And although candidiasis represents a problem of global importance in public health, its epidemiological characterization is difficult to determine, which can be explained by the lack of regular surveillance and the non-obligation of notification of the occurrence of these infections. In Portugal, epidemiological information is scarce, with only one study published yet. Objectives: The main objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of colonization and infection by Candida spp, and to know the distribution of species, at Centro Hospitalar UniversitĂĄrio Cova da Beira during the period from January 2011 to December 2021. Methods: This is an observational, analytical, and retrospective study, based on laboratory diagnosis through culture, using the clinical files of users tested for Candida spp at CHUCB, in the period from 2011 to 2021. Were included 764 requests after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In this study, a global prevalence of Candida spp of 19.4% (n=148) was observed. There was also a prevalence of VVC of 20.5% (n=116) and a prevalence of asymptomatic colonization of 16.1% (n=32). There was a higher prevalence of Candida spp in women aged between 15 and 50 years old - 20.9%, compared to women aged <15 years old - 6.3%, and in women aged > 50 years old - 11%, with this statistically significant difference (p=0.034). The most frequently isolated species was C. albicans both in the group of symptomatic and symptom-free women, with a prevalence of 90.5% and 68.8%, respectively. Of the Non Candida albicans species, C. glabrata was the second most isolated species in culture, followed by C. parapsilosis with a prevalence of 8.1% (n=12) and 3.4% (n=5), respectively. In this study, over 11 years, was observed a stability in the number of culture requests for the diagnosis of candidiasis at CHUCB. Conclusion: VVCs are an important cause of morbidity in females. Diagnosis requires a correlation of clinical findings and confirmation of the presence of the yeast since the symptomatology is not pathognomonic of the infection. Clinicians need to know more about the epidemiological context of the region, to identify possible risk factors and not incur wrong diagnoses and superfluous treatments.
Description
Keywords
Candida Spp CandidĂase Vulvovaginal Colonização Vaginal AssintomĂĄtica PrevalĂȘncia