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Ansiedade, Autocuidado e Perceção de Competência em doentes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
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Resumo(s)
A diabetes tipo 2 é uma doença crónica cada vez mais prevalente mundialmente.
O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar a relação entre a ansiedade e a
depressão, o autocuidado e a perceção de competência em doentes com diabetes
mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Participaram 80 utentes diagnosticados com DM2,
maioritariamente do sexo masculino (58.8%) com uma média de idades de 66.4 anos,
utentes de um Hospital, um Centro de Saúde e uma estrutura residencial para pessoas
idosas. O protocolo foi constituído por um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de
Atividades de Autocuidado na Diabetes (EAAD), a Hospital Anxiety and Depression
Scale (HADS) e a Escala de Competência Percebida (ECP).
Encontraram-se níveis muito positivos de autocuidado ao nível da toma da
medicação e do cuidado com os pés, e medianos na alimentação, mas uma muito baixa
adesão à prática de atividade física. Encontrou-se uma boa perceção de competência,
além de níveis baixos de ansiedade e depressão nos participantes. Verificaram-se
correlações entre a dimensão da Alimentação geral com a Ansiedade, bem como com a
Perceção de competência. Do mesmo modo, observaram-se correlações entre a
Ansiedade com a Atividade física e com a Perceção de competência. Encontrou-se,
ainda, uma associação entre a Depressão e a Atividade física. Observou-se que os
sujeitos com mais de 65 anos apresentavam pontuações mais altas na Alimentação
geral, na Depressão e na Perceção de competência, além do mais o género feminino
apresentou mais sintomatologia ansiógena e depressiva, e indivíduos com mais de 16
anos de diagnóstico apresentavam melhores níveis de autocuidado e mais
sintomatologia depressiva.
Os resultados corroboram a necessidade de desenvolver programas de autogestão
da doença junto de doentes com DM2, que promovam uma maior adesão às atividades
de autocuidado, e que devem ter em conta as características dos utentes e a fase da
doença.
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. The main aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between anxiety and depression, self-care and perceived competence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eighty patients diagnosed with T2DM participated, mostly male (58.8%) with an average age of 66.4 years, who were patients at a hospital, a primary care health center, and a residential facility for the elderly. The protocol consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale (DSAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Perceived Competence Scale (PCS). Very positive levels of self-care were found in terms of medication intake and foot care, and moderate levels in terms of nutrition, but very low adherence to physical activity. A good perception of competence was found, as well as low levels of anxiety and depression among participants. Correlations were found between the dimension of General Nutrition and Anxiety, as well as with Perceived Competence. Similarly, correlations were observed between Anxiety and Physical Activity and Perceived Competence. An association was also found between Depression and Physical Activity. It was observed that subjects over 65 years of age had higher scores in General Nutrition, Depression and Perceived Competence, and that females presented more anxiety and depressive symptoms, and individuals with more than 16 years of diagnosis had better levels of self-care and more depressive symptoms. The results corroborate the need to develop self-management programs for patients with DM2, which promote greater adherence to self-care activities and consider the characteristics of clients and the stage of the disease.
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. The main aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between anxiety and depression, self-care and perceived competence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eighty patients diagnosed with T2DM participated, mostly male (58.8%) with an average age of 66.4 years, who were patients at a hospital, a primary care health center, and a residential facility for the elderly. The protocol consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale (DSAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Perceived Competence Scale (PCS). Very positive levels of self-care were found in terms of medication intake and foot care, and moderate levels in terms of nutrition, but very low adherence to physical activity. A good perception of competence was found, as well as low levels of anxiety and depression among participants. Correlations were found between the dimension of General Nutrition and Anxiety, as well as with Perceived Competence. Similarly, correlations were observed between Anxiety and Physical Activity and Perceived Competence. An association was also found between Depression and Physical Activity. It was observed that subjects over 65 years of age had higher scores in General Nutrition, Depression and Perceived Competence, and that females presented more anxiety and depressive symptoms, and individuals with more than 16 years of diagnosis had better levels of self-care and more depressive symptoms. The results corroborate the need to develop self-management programs for patients with DM2, which promote greater adherence to self-care activities and consider the characteristics of clients and the stage of the disease.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ansiedade Autocuidado Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Perceção de Competência