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Abstract(s)
Ao longo das últimas décadas desafios ambientais como as alterações climáticas e ou destruição
da biodiversidade tornaram-se centrais para a agenda global. Ao mesmo tempo, estas temáticas
ganharam força na agenda das Relações Internacionais tornando-se atualmente numa das mais
importantes, ainda que embrionária, área do saber disciplinar. Ainda assim, e apesar da sua clara
relevância para a política ambiental global, a Amazónia como objeto de estudo continua a ser
amplamente negligenciada pela disciplina.
A literatura existente, na sua maioria produzida em outras áreas de estudo, aborda temas como os
direitos indígenas, a desflorestação, as secas, os incêndios e a expansão da agricultura e a formas
como as suas complexas causas e consequências colocam em causa a resiliência não só da região,
mas de todo o planeta, uma vez que a floresta tem um papel crucial para o controlo regional e
global do clima. A desflorestação representa um grave problema neste aspeto. Porém, atendendo
à sua dimensão, a Amazónia Brasileira desempenha um papel crucial, não só a nível ambiental e
de biodiversidade, mas também em relação à segurança fronteiriça do país. Ainda assim, os
estudos sobre a floresta têm negligenciado o papel do crime organizado enquanto ator nocivo, que
mina a segurança na região colocando em causa tanto a resiliência dos seus ecossistemas como a
segurança e bem-estar das suas comunidades.
Este estudo, de carácter essencialmente exploratório, pretende contribuir para esse debate ao
analisar o papel do crime organizado nos crimes ambientais na Amazónia Brasileira durante os
últimos anos. Apoiada numa abordagem qualitativa e na revisão de literatura secundária,
documentos oficiais e notícias, a análise demonstra que estes grupos são hoje um ator importante
na região e que é impossível combater os crimes ambientais na Amazónia sem primeiro olhar
para este fenómeno. A precária fiscalização da floresta que permitiu que estes grupos se
apoderassem de territórios onde são conduzidas atividades ilícitas. Concluímos também que será
fundamental desenvolver esta linha de investigação em pesquisa futura, através de análises com
enfoque local e regional e que, assentes em trabalho de campo e entrevistas com os diferentes
atores, nos permitam compreender a dimensão, consequências e desafios deste fenómeno com
maior profundidade.
Over the past decades, environmental challenges such as climate change and biodiversity destruction have become central to the global agenda. Simultaneously, these issues have gained prominence in the agenda of International Relations, becoming one of the most important, albeit embryonic, areas of disciplinary knowledge. Nevertheless, despite its clear relevance to global environmental politics, the Amazon as a subject of study remains largely neglected by the discipline. The existing literature, mostly produced in other fields of study, addresses themes such as Indigenous rights, deforestation, droughts, fires, and agricultural expansion, as well as the ways in which their complex causes and consequences threaten not only the resilience of the region but the entire planet, given that the forest plays a crucial role in regional and global climate control. Deforestation poses a serious problem in this regard. However, considering its vast size, the Brazilian Amazon plays a crucial role not only in terms of the environment and biodiversity but also in relation to the country’s border security. Nevertheless, studies on the forest have neglected the role of organized crime as a harmful actor, undermining security in the region and threatening both the resilience of its ecosystems and the safety and well-being of its communities. This essentially exploratory study aims to contribute to this debate by analyzing the role of organized crime in environmental crimes in the Brazilian Amazon in recent years. Based on a qualitative approach and a review of secondary literature, official documents, and news reports, the analysis shows that these groups are now important actors in the region and that it is impossible to combat environmental crimes in the Amazon without first addressing this phenomenon. The fragile forest monitoring has allowed these groups to take control of territories where illicit activities are conducted. We also conclude that it will be crucial to develop this line of research in future studies through analyses with a local and regional focus, supported by fieldwork and interviews with different actors, allowing us to better understand the scope, consequences, and challenges of this phenomenon in greater depth.
Over the past decades, environmental challenges such as climate change and biodiversity destruction have become central to the global agenda. Simultaneously, these issues have gained prominence in the agenda of International Relations, becoming one of the most important, albeit embryonic, areas of disciplinary knowledge. Nevertheless, despite its clear relevance to global environmental politics, the Amazon as a subject of study remains largely neglected by the discipline. The existing literature, mostly produced in other fields of study, addresses themes such as Indigenous rights, deforestation, droughts, fires, and agricultural expansion, as well as the ways in which their complex causes and consequences threaten not only the resilience of the region but the entire planet, given that the forest plays a crucial role in regional and global climate control. Deforestation poses a serious problem in this regard. However, considering its vast size, the Brazilian Amazon plays a crucial role not only in terms of the environment and biodiversity but also in relation to the country’s border security. Nevertheless, studies on the forest have neglected the role of organized crime as a harmful actor, undermining security in the region and threatening both the resilience of its ecosystems and the safety and well-being of its communities. This essentially exploratory study aims to contribute to this debate by analyzing the role of organized crime in environmental crimes in the Brazilian Amazon in recent years. Based on a qualitative approach and a review of secondary literature, official documents, and news reports, the analysis shows that these groups are now important actors in the region and that it is impossible to combat environmental crimes in the Amazon without first addressing this phenomenon. The fragile forest monitoring has allowed these groups to take control of territories where illicit activities are conducted. We also conclude that it will be crucial to develop this line of research in future studies through analyses with a local and regional focus, supported by fieldwork and interviews with different actors, allowing us to better understand the scope, consequences, and challenges of this phenomenon in greater depth.
Description
Keywords
Amazónia Brasileira Crime Organizado Crime Organizado Transnaciona Crimes Ambientais