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Abstract(s)
A situação ambiental do nosso planeta tem-se revelado cada vez mais preocupante ao longo dos
anos, sendo a gestão dos recursos energéticos uma das principais causas desta preocupação. A
energia é um bem essencial, mas a sua produção e consumo têm registado um grande impacto
ambiental, ameaçando o equilíbrio do planeta e a salvaguarda de gerações futuras. Atualmente,
o sector dos edifícios é um dos principais responsáveis pelo consumo energético mundial, pelo que
a melhoria do seu desempenho energético pode contribuir significativamente para a
sustentabilidade energética e ambiental do planeta.
A grande inovação resulta então, quanto a nós, de dois grandes fatores: da multidisciplinaridade
necessária para conceber um projeto eficiente, tendo em conta o aproveitamento energético
potencial do local a que se destina, e da sua inserção no tema da sustentabilidade. Uma das
estratégias principais dos sistemas solares passivos consiste na proteção do edifício contra ganhos
solares excessivos, diminuindo o consumo energético e simultaneamente permitir adequados níveis
de iluminação natural, abrandando a necessidade de iluminação artificial. Devem os ganhos solares
ser otimizados, isto é, durante a estação de aquecimento, os ganhos solares úteis devem ser
maximizados e, durante a estação de arrefecimento, as necessidades energéticas devidas aos
ganhos solares devem ser minimizadas.
Os dispositivos de sombreamento dos vãos envidraçados devem provocar o sombreamento dos vãos,
durante a estação de arrefecimento e, não o provocar durante a estação de aquecimento. As palas
horizontais para sombreamento de vãos envidraçados são particularmente adequadas a vãos
orientados a sul. No entanto, verifica-se que, de uma forma geral, segundo a metodologia de
cálculo prevista pelo REH, a existência de palas horizontais de sombreamento é penalizadora da
eficiência energética dos edifícios.
Neste trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia de cálculo das necessidades energéticas de
aquecimento e arrefecimento partindo da forma e orientação do edifício, da orientação e área dos
vãos envidraçados e das palas de sombreamento. Através desta metodologia, espera-se contribuir
para a obtenção de uma mais elevada classe de eficiência energética do edifício. Assim, só com a
arquitetura é possível concebendo um edifício com sistemas solares passivos sem meios ativos,
conseguindo uma poupança de 56,21% das necessidades energéticas.
The environmental situation of our planet has proved increasingly worrying over the years, and the management of energy resources is the major cause of this concern. Energy is an essential commodity, but its production and consumption have made great environmental impact, threatening the balance of the planet and the safeguard of future generations. Currently, the building sector is a major contributor to the global energetic consumption, so the improvement of its energetic performance can significantly contribute to energetic and environmental sustainability of the planet. The great innovation results so, in our view of two major factors: the multidisciplinary approach needed to develop an efficient design, taking into account the energy use of the potential place for which it is intended, and its inclusion in the theme of sustainability. One of the main strategy of passive solar systems is the protection of the building against excessive solar gains, reducing energetic consumption and simultaneously allowing adequate levels of natural lighting, mitigating the need for artificial lighting. Solar gain should be optimized, that is, during the heating season, the gains. The useful solar gains should be maximized, and during the cooling season, the energetic requirements due to solar gain must be minimized. Shading devices of glazed areas must cause the shading of the openings during the cooling season and not the cause during the heating season. The horizontal shading visors of glazed areas are particularly suitable for openings facing south. However, it appears that, in general, according to the calculation method provided by SHR, the existence of horizontal shading visors penalizes the energetic efficiency of building In this work a methodology for calculating the energetic requirements of heating and cooling is presented, starting from the shape and orientation of the building, the orientation and size of glazed areas and shading visors. Through this methodology it is expect to contribute to achieve a higher energetic efficiency class of the building. Thus, only through architecture is it possible conceiving a building with passive solar systems without active means, achieving a saving of 56,21% of energetic needs.
The environmental situation of our planet has proved increasingly worrying over the years, and the management of energy resources is the major cause of this concern. Energy is an essential commodity, but its production and consumption have made great environmental impact, threatening the balance of the planet and the safeguard of future generations. Currently, the building sector is a major contributor to the global energetic consumption, so the improvement of its energetic performance can significantly contribute to energetic and environmental sustainability of the planet. The great innovation results so, in our view of two major factors: the multidisciplinary approach needed to develop an efficient design, taking into account the energy use of the potential place for which it is intended, and its inclusion in the theme of sustainability. One of the main strategy of passive solar systems is the protection of the building against excessive solar gains, reducing energetic consumption and simultaneously allowing adequate levels of natural lighting, mitigating the need for artificial lighting. Solar gain should be optimized, that is, during the heating season, the gains. The useful solar gains should be maximized, and during the cooling season, the energetic requirements due to solar gain must be minimized. Shading devices of glazed areas must cause the shading of the openings during the cooling season and not the cause during the heating season. The horizontal shading visors of glazed areas are particularly suitable for openings facing south. However, it appears that, in general, according to the calculation method provided by SHR, the existence of horizontal shading visors penalizes the energetic efficiency of building In this work a methodology for calculating the energetic requirements of heating and cooling is presented, starting from the shape and orientation of the building, the orientation and size of glazed areas and shading visors. Through this methodology it is expect to contribute to achieve a higher energetic efficiency class of the building. Thus, only through architecture is it possible conceiving a building with passive solar systems without active means, achieving a saving of 56,21% of energetic needs.
Description
Keywords
Cor Eficiência Energética Estratégias Passivas Fator de Forma Inércia Orientação Palas de Sombreamento Vãos Envidraçados