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Este trabalho, no qual descreve a minha experiência profissionalizante, encontra-se dividido em dois capítulos, o primeiro relativo ao estágio em farmácia comunitária e o segundo à vertente de investigação.
Com o primeiro capítulo pretendeu-se abordar todas as áreas de funcionamento de uma farmácia assim como as responsabilidades de um profissional de saúde que é o farmacêutico. O estágio em farmácia comunitária decorreu na Farmácia de Apúlia entre 4 de fevereiro e 15 de junho do ano de 2013, com um período de 800 horas. Aqui proporcionou-se a experiência e ambientação a diversas funcionalidades existentes na farmácia, como a receção e aprovisionamento de encomendas, gestão, dispensa de medicamentos, medição e avaliação de parâmetros biológicos, aconselhamento, atendimento ao público e validação da prescrição médica. Findo o estágio concluiu-se que a Farmácia é uma área em constante evolução e que o farmacêutico é responsável pela conjugação e avaliação da prescrição médica constituindo um importante profissional de saúde ao qual a população recorre várias vezes.
O citomegalovírus (CMV) é um vírus de ADN de cadeia dupla linear, pertencente à família herpesviridae. Este vírus constitui a principal causa de infeções congénitas afetando cerca de 0,2 a 2,5% de todos os nascimentos. Em Portugal estima-se que 77% da população esteja infetada com o CMV e que 18,5 a 25,5% das mulheres em idade fértil encontra-se em risco de adquirir a infeção primária pelo CMV. Este vírus pode ser prevenido com simples medidas de higiene, porém o conhecimento é essencial para o sucesso destas medidas. Vários são os estudos que referem que apenas uma pequena porção da população ouviu falar do CMV e que desta ainda menos são aqueles que verdadeiramente conhecem as sequelas e as formas de transmissão do vírus. Assim o trabalho de investigação abordado no segundo capítulo teve como principal objetivo avaliar o conhecimento das mulheres em idade fértil sobre o CMV. Para que tal fosse possível foram distribuídos 592 inquéritos a mães de crianças até 2 anos de idade, nos Hospitais da Luz, Braga, Covilhã, Amato Lusitano de Castelo Branco e no Centro de Saúde de Fão, entre janeiro e agosto de 2013. Das 588 mulheres que responderam ao inquérito cerca de metade (49,7%) afirmaram ter ouvido falar do CMV, mas apenas 36,2% reconheceram o citomegalovírus como um agente causador de malformações congénitas. Tendo em conta a formação académica verificamos que o conhecimento aumenta com o grau académico: 28% e 31,4% para mulheres com formação até ao 9º ano e do 9º ao 12º ano respetivamente, contra 62,3% de mulheres com formação superior já ouviram falar de CMV. O grau de conhecimento é ainda maior nos profissionais de saúde com 80,6% dos 72 profissionais de saúde que ouviram falar do CMV a reconhece-lo como agente de malformações congénitas. Quanto à forma de aquisição de conhecimentos, das mulheres que ouviram falar de CMV a maioria ouviu falar do vírus pelo obstetra (55,8% das inquiridas), seguido de revistas, livros e jornais (29,8%), através do médico de família (26%) e da internet (25,3%). Apesar do nível de conhecimento encontrado ser superior ao de outros estudos, ainda há um longo trabalho a percorrer, principalmente nas mulheres com grau de formação académica inferior. Não existindo medidas de prevenção farmacológicas nem tratamento aprovado, é controverso o grau de conhecimento que deve ser dado às grávidas. No entanto, estudos recentes demonstram que a adoção de medidas de higiene simples que evitem o contacto das mães com as secreções de crianças infetadas permite diminuir a taxa de transmissão do CMV. A adoção destas medidas só será eficaz se existir um correto conhecimento sobre o problema.
This paper, which describes my professional experience, is divided into two chapters, the first is related to the internship in community pharmacy and the second chapter in research. With the first chapter was intended to address all running areas of a pharmacy as well as the responsibilities of a health care professional who is the pharmacist. The community pharmacy internship was held in the Apulia pharmacy between February 4 and June 15 of the year 2013, with a period of 800 hours. Here has provided the experience and ambiance to several existing features in the pharmacy, such as the reception of orders and supply, management, dispensing medications, measurement and evaluation of biological parameters, counseling, client service and validation of the prescription. After the internship was concluded that the pharmacy is an area in constant evolution and that the pharmacist is responsible for combining and evaluation of the prescription being a major health professional to which the population relies several times. Cytomegalovirus is a virus of linear double-stranded DNA belonging to the Herpesviridae family. This virus is the major cause of congenital infections affecting about 0.2 to 2.5% of all births. In Portugal it is estimated that 77% of the population is infected with CMV and 18.5 to 25.5% of women of reproductive age is at risk of acquiring primary CMV infection. This virus can be prevented with simple hygiene measures, however, knowledge is essential to the success of these measures. Several studies have reported that only a small portion of the population heard about CMV and fewer still are those who truly know the consequences and ways of transmission of the virus. So the investigation work discussed in the second chapter has as its main objective to assess the knowledge of women of reproductive age about CMV. To make this possible 592 surveys were distributed to mothers of children up to 2 years old, at Hospital of Light, Braga, Covilhã and Health Center Fão, between January and August 2013. From 588 women who answered the survey about half (51%) said they had heard of CMV, but only 35% recognized cytomegalovirus as an agent causing congenital malformations. Having regard to academic found that knowledge increases with the degree: 28% and 31,4% for women with education until the 9th year and up to the 12th year respectively, versus 64%. The level of knowledge is even greater in healthcare with 80,6% of the 72 health professionals to recognize the agent CMV responsible for congenital malformations. From women who have heard of CMV, most heard of the virus by the obstetrician (55,8% of respondents), followed by magazines, books and newspapers (29,8%) through the family physician (26%) and internet (25,3%). Despite the level of knowledge found to be higher than in other studies, there is still a lot of work to go, especially in women with a lower level of academic education. The absence of preventive measures or pharmacological treatment approved, is controversial the level of knowledge that should be given to pregnant women. Nevertheless, recent studies show that the adoption of simple hygienic measures to avoid contact between mothers and the secretions of infected children allows the reduction in the rate of CMV transmission. The adoption of these measures will only be effective if there is a correct knowledge about the problem.
This paper, which describes my professional experience, is divided into two chapters, the first is related to the internship in community pharmacy and the second chapter in research. With the first chapter was intended to address all running areas of a pharmacy as well as the responsibilities of a health care professional who is the pharmacist. The community pharmacy internship was held in the Apulia pharmacy between February 4 and June 15 of the year 2013, with a period of 800 hours. Here has provided the experience and ambiance to several existing features in the pharmacy, such as the reception of orders and supply, management, dispensing medications, measurement and evaluation of biological parameters, counseling, client service and validation of the prescription. After the internship was concluded that the pharmacy is an area in constant evolution and that the pharmacist is responsible for combining and evaluation of the prescription being a major health professional to which the population relies several times. Cytomegalovirus is a virus of linear double-stranded DNA belonging to the Herpesviridae family. This virus is the major cause of congenital infections affecting about 0.2 to 2.5% of all births. In Portugal it is estimated that 77% of the population is infected with CMV and 18.5 to 25.5% of women of reproductive age is at risk of acquiring primary CMV infection. This virus can be prevented with simple hygiene measures, however, knowledge is essential to the success of these measures. Several studies have reported that only a small portion of the population heard about CMV and fewer still are those who truly know the consequences and ways of transmission of the virus. So the investigation work discussed in the second chapter has as its main objective to assess the knowledge of women of reproductive age about CMV. To make this possible 592 surveys were distributed to mothers of children up to 2 years old, at Hospital of Light, Braga, Covilhã and Health Center Fão, between January and August 2013. From 588 women who answered the survey about half (51%) said they had heard of CMV, but only 35% recognized cytomegalovirus as an agent causing congenital malformations. Having regard to academic found that knowledge increases with the degree: 28% and 31,4% for women with education until the 9th year and up to the 12th year respectively, versus 64%. The level of knowledge is even greater in healthcare with 80,6% of the 72 health professionals to recognize the agent CMV responsible for congenital malformations. From women who have heard of CMV, most heard of the virus by the obstetrician (55,8% of respondents), followed by magazines, books and newspapers (29,8%) through the family physician (26%) and internet (25,3%). Despite the level of knowledge found to be higher than in other studies, there is still a lot of work to go, especially in women with a lower level of academic education. The absence of preventive measures or pharmacological treatment approved, is controversial the level of knowledge that should be given to pregnant women. Nevertheless, recent studies show that the adoption of simple hygienic measures to avoid contact between mothers and the secretions of infected children allows the reduction in the rate of CMV transmission. The adoption of these measures will only be effective if there is a correct knowledge about the problem.
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Keywords
Farmácia comunitária - Gestão - Estágio pedagógico Citomegalovírus Citomegalovírus - Grau de conhecimento - Avaliação Citomegalovírus - Grau de conhecimento - Mulheres - Portugal
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Universidade da Beira Interior