A carregar...
Publicação
Doença de Parkinson: Uma Revisão sobre a Influência da Nicotina na Patologia
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.08 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O presente relatório encontra-se estruturado em duas secções: uma, relativa à
componente de investigação e outra, referente ao estágio efetuado em farmácia
comunitária.
O primeiro capítulo (Capítulo I) aborda a componente de investigação, realizada sob a
orientação da Professora Doutora Ana Clara Braz Cristóvão e da Mestre Ana Rita Curto.
A revisão efetuada teve como objetivo estudar a Doença de Parkinson e a influência da
nicotina na patologia.
A Doença de Parkinson é uma doença neurodegenerativa que afeta milhões de pessoas,
sendo a segunda patologia neurológica mais prevalente a nível mundial. Caracteriza-se
como uma doença multissistémica, na qual sintomas motores e não motores se tornam
evidentes com o evoluir da mesma. Entre os fatores de risco destaca-se a idade avançada,
enquanto alguns compostos têm sido identificados como potencialmente
neuroprotetores, com especial destaque para a nicotina. Apesar da controvérsia existente
no meio clínico, estudos pré-clínicos sugerem que, por meio da ativação de diferentes
subtipos de recetores nicotínicos da acetilcolina, a nicotina tem a capacidade de modular
a neurotransmissão dopaminérgica, exercer efeitos anti-inflamatórios, reduzir o stress
oxidativo, regular as vias apoptóticas e promover plasticidade sináptica.
A análise da literatura disponível demonstrou resultados promissores em modelos
animais, mas inconsistentes em ensaios clínicos, devido às incompatibilidades dos
modelos parkinsonianos, às limitações metodológicas, à variabilidade interindividual e
à falta de informação científica. Apesar das dúvidas, os recetores nicotínicos da
acetilcolina, em particular os subtipos a7 e b2, mantêm-se como alvos farmacológicos de
interesse para o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas avançadas na Doença de
Parkinson.
O segundo capítulo (Capítulo II) refere-se à experiência profissionalizante na vertente de
farmácia comunitária. O estágio foi realizado na Farmácia de Briteiros, concelho de
Guimarães, no período de 3 de fevereiro a 20 de julho de 2025. Ao longo deste último
capítulo serão descritas todas as atividades realizadas, os conhecimentos e competências
adquiridas, bem como os desafios encontrados.
The present report is structured into two sections: one concerning the research and the other relating to the internship carried out in a community pharmacy. Chapter I addresses the research work conducted under the supervision of Professor Ana Clara Braz Cristóvão, PhD, and Ana Rita Curto, MSc. The literature review aimed to explore Parkinson’s disease and the influence of nicotine on the pathology. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide, ranking as the second most prevalent neurological condition. It is characterized as a multisystemic disease in which both motor and non-motor symptoms become increasingly evident as it progresses. Advanced age is considered the main risk factor, while certain compounds have been identified as potentially neuroprotective, with nicotine standing out in particular. Despite existing controversy in the clinical setting, preclinical studies suggest that nicotine, through the activation of different subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, may modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission, exert anti-inflammatory effects, reduce oxidative stress, regulate apoptotic pathways, and promote synaptic plasticity. The analysis of the available literature revealed promising results in animal models but inconsistent outcomes in clinical trials, due to incompatibilities of parkinsonian models, methodological limitations, interindividual variability, and the lack of robust scientific evidence. Nevertheless, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly the a7 and ß2 subtypes, remain attractive pharmacological targets for the development of advanced therapeutic strategies in Parkinson’s disease. Chapter II refers to the professional experience in the field of Community Pharmacy. The internship was carried out at Farmácia de Briteiros, in the municipality of Guimarães, from February 3 to July 20, 2025. This final chapter describes all activities undertaken, the knowledge and skills acquired, as well as the challenges encountered throughout the placement.
The present report is structured into two sections: one concerning the research and the other relating to the internship carried out in a community pharmacy. Chapter I addresses the research work conducted under the supervision of Professor Ana Clara Braz Cristóvão, PhD, and Ana Rita Curto, MSc. The literature review aimed to explore Parkinson’s disease and the influence of nicotine on the pathology. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide, ranking as the second most prevalent neurological condition. It is characterized as a multisystemic disease in which both motor and non-motor symptoms become increasingly evident as it progresses. Advanced age is considered the main risk factor, while certain compounds have been identified as potentially neuroprotective, with nicotine standing out in particular. Despite existing controversy in the clinical setting, preclinical studies suggest that nicotine, through the activation of different subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, may modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission, exert anti-inflammatory effects, reduce oxidative stress, regulate apoptotic pathways, and promote synaptic plasticity. The analysis of the available literature revealed promising results in animal models but inconsistent outcomes in clinical trials, due to incompatibilities of parkinsonian models, methodological limitations, interindividual variability, and the lack of robust scientific evidence. Nevertheless, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly the a7 and ß2 subtypes, remain attractive pharmacological targets for the development of advanced therapeutic strategies in Parkinson’s disease. Chapter II refers to the professional experience in the field of Community Pharmacy. The internship was carried out at Farmácia de Briteiros, in the municipality of Guimarães, from February 3 to July 20, 2025. This final chapter describes all activities undertaken, the knowledge and skills acquired, as well as the challenges encountered throughout the placement.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Apoptose Neuroproteção A-Sinucleína Doença de Parkinson Farmácia Comunitária Modulação Dopaminérgica Neuroinflamação Nicotina Plasticidade Sináptica Recetores Nicotínicos da Acetilcolina Stress Oxidativo