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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório encontra-se dividido em dois capítulos, sendo o primeiro referente
à componente de investigação no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências
Farmacêuticas e o segundo capítulo ao estágio curricular em farmácia comunitária.
Desta forma, o Capítulo 1 é relativo à investigação que teve como objetivo o
desenvolvimento preliminar de um modelo in vitro para avaliação da tonicidade de
produtos vaginais. A necessidade do desenvolvimento deste método advém do facto de
atualmente produtos vaginais, como lubrificantes, apresentarem uma osmolalidade
muito superior à recomendada, que está associada ao aumento de efeitos adversos e
infeções. Contudo, os valores de osmolalidade são obtidos por osmómetro, que apresenta
diversas limitações. Para além disso, a osmolalidade não é representativa da tonicidade,
já que a osmolalidade apenas se refere à concentração de solutos por unidade de massa,
e a tonicidade diz respeito ao efeito a nível celular, dependendo da permeabilidade que o
soluto apresenta a membranas celulares. Dada a importância atribuída à osmolalidade
para segurança de produtos vaginais e a diferença entre osmolalidade e tonicidade,
realizou-se o estudo da tonicidade dos excipientes mais comuns, glicerina e
propilenoglicol, e produtos finais em eritrócitos animais, de forma a avaliar o impacto
destes nas células. Realizou-se ainda um estudo dos mesmos excipientes e produtos
finais, em sémen bovino, avaliando o potencial tóxico para a motilidade espermática.
Devido ao facto de terem sido utilizadas células de origem animal foram realizadas
observações relevantes, mas que necessitam de comparação de resultados com células
humanas. Ainda assim, este trabalho permitiu desenvolver as bases racionais de
metodologia a ser utilizada para avaliar a tonicidade de produtos vaginais recorrendo a
um modelo de eritrócitos. Quanto aos resultados a nível do potencial tóxico na
motilidade espermática, considera-se que o impacto negativo de excipientes e alguns
lubrificantes poderá ser relevante nomeadamente no que diz respeito à utilização destes
produtos por casais em idade reprodutiva.
Por sua vez, o Capítulo 2, diz respeito ao estágio realizado na Farmácia Henriques
Pereira, sob orientação da Dra. Ana Maria Nunes Ferreira, com uma duração total de
800 horas. Para além de conhecimentos teóricos, aplicáveis a qualquer farmácia
comunitária, este capítulo apresenta também conhecimentos práticos daquilo que tive
oportunidade de vivenciar e aprender ao longo do estágio.
This report is divided into two chapters, the first referring to the research component within the scope of the Integrated Master's Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences and the second chapter to the curricular internship in community pharmacy. Therefore, Chapter 1 relates to research that aimed to preliminary develop an in vitro model to evaluate the tonicity of vaginal products. The need to develop this method arises from the fact that currently vaginal products, such as lubricants, have an osmolality much higher than recommended, which is associated with an increase in adverse effects and infections. However, osmolality values are obtained using an osmometer, which has several limitations. Furthermore, osmolality is not representative of tonicity, as osmolality only refers to the concentration of solutes per unit mass, and tonicity concerns the effect at the cellular level, depending on the permeability that the solute presents to cell membranes. Given the importance attributed to osmolality for the safety of vaginal products and the difference between osmolality and tonicity, a study of the tonicity of the most common excipients, glycerol and propylene glycol, and final products in animal erythrocytes was carried out, to evaluate their impact on cells. A study of the same excipients and final products was also carried out in bovine semen, evaluating the toxic potential for sperm motility. Since animal cells were used, relevant observations were made, but they support the need to compare results with human cells. Even so, this work made it possible to develop the rational basis of the methodology to be used to evaluate the tonicity of vaginal products using an erythrocyte model. Regarding the results in terms of toxic potential on sperm motility, it is considered that the negative impact of excipients and some lubricants may be relevant, particularly with regard to the use of these products by couples of reproductive age. In turn, Chapter 2 concerns the internship carried out at Farmácia Henriques Pereira, under the guidance of Dr. Ana Maria Nunes Ferreira, with a total duration of 800 hours. In addition to theoretical knowledge, applicable to any community pharmacy, this chapter also presents practical knowledge of what I had the opportunity to experience and learn throughout the internship.
This report is divided into two chapters, the first referring to the research component within the scope of the Integrated Master's Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences and the second chapter to the curricular internship in community pharmacy. Therefore, Chapter 1 relates to research that aimed to preliminary develop an in vitro model to evaluate the tonicity of vaginal products. The need to develop this method arises from the fact that currently vaginal products, such as lubricants, have an osmolality much higher than recommended, which is associated with an increase in adverse effects and infections. However, osmolality values are obtained using an osmometer, which has several limitations. Furthermore, osmolality is not representative of tonicity, as osmolality only refers to the concentration of solutes per unit mass, and tonicity concerns the effect at the cellular level, depending on the permeability that the solute presents to cell membranes. Given the importance attributed to osmolality for the safety of vaginal products and the difference between osmolality and tonicity, a study of the tonicity of the most common excipients, glycerol and propylene glycol, and final products in animal erythrocytes was carried out, to evaluate their impact on cells. A study of the same excipients and final products was also carried out in bovine semen, evaluating the toxic potential for sperm motility. Since animal cells were used, relevant observations were made, but they support the need to compare results with human cells. Even so, this work made it possible to develop the rational basis of the methodology to be used to evaluate the tonicity of vaginal products using an erythrocyte model. Regarding the results in terms of toxic potential on sperm motility, it is considered that the negative impact of excipients and some lubricants may be relevant, particularly with regard to the use of these products by couples of reproductive age. In turn, Chapter 2 concerns the internship carried out at Farmácia Henriques Pereira, under the guidance of Dr. Ana Maria Nunes Ferreira, with a total duration of 800 hours. In addition to theoretical knowledge, applicable to any community pharmacy, this chapter also presents practical knowledge of what I had the opportunity to experience and learn throughout the internship.
Description
Keywords
Eritrócitos Farmácia Comunitária Glicerina Lubrificantes Métodos in Vitro Motilidade Espermática Osmolalidade Produtos Vaginais Propilenoglicol Tonicidade