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Abstract(s)
O bisfenol F (BPF) e o bisfenol S (BPF) são dois compostos químicos que nos últimos anos
têm vindo a ser utilizados em diversos produtos do quotidiano para substituir o bisfenol A
(BPA), pois a exposição a este foi associada ao desenvolvimento de diversas patologias,
nomeadamente as cardiovasculares. Contudo, estudos recentes também têm vindo a
relacionar também a exposição aos substitutos do BPA com o desenvolvimento de várias
doenças, como neurológicas, tiroideias, comportamentais e cardiovasculares. Deste modo,
têm vindo a ser levantadas questões quanto à segurança dos substitutos do BPA para a saúde
humana. Preocupantemente, alguns estudos referem que os substitutos podem exercer
efeitos disruptivos tão ou mais graves que o BPA. No entanto, os estudos existentes ainda
são pouco vastos e conclusivos, nomeadamente, ao nível dos efeitos cardiovasculares.
Deste modo, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos do BPA, BPF e BPS no
tónus arterial e analisar quais os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nesses efeitos. Além
disso, pretendeu-se perceber se os efeitos provocados pelos substitutos do BPA (BPF e BPS)
são mais ou menos adversos do que os causados pelo BPA.
Os resultados deste trabalho parecem demonstrar que o BPA, BPS e BPF exercem efeitos
relaxantes rápidos (não genómicos) e independentes de endotélio nas artérias umbilicais
humanas (HUAs). Estes efeitos também foram observados para o BPF e BPS a nível celular,
isto é, em células musculares lisas das artérias umbilicais humanas (HUASMCs). A nível
dos efeitos a longo prazo, os resultados parecem demonstrar que o mecanismo contrátil das
HUAs incubadas durante 24 horas com BPA estava alterado, ao contrário do que se
verificava nas HUAs incubadas com BPF. Porém, ainda a nível genómico, constatou-se que
tanto o BPA como o BPF podem interferir com os principais mecanismos responsáveis pela
relaxação das HUAs, interferindo com a via NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG e modulando a atividade
dos canais de Ca2+ do tipo L (LTCC), sendo que os resultados parecem demonstrar que o
BPF altera mais a resposta vasorelaxante do que o BPA. Deste modo, a substituição do BPA
pelos seus análogos não parece ser benéfica para a saúde humana cardiovascular. Assim,
futuramente, os efeitos vasculares destes bisfenóis devem continuar a ser avaliados de modo
clarificar os seus modos de ação e implicações futuras na saúde materno-fetal.
In recent years, the chemical compounds bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) have been used in several everyday products to replace bisphenol A (BPA), since exposure to BPA has been associated with the development of several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. However, recent studies have also been associating exposure to BPA substitutes with the development of various pathologies, such as neurological, thyroid, behavioral, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, questions have been raised about the safety of BPA substitutes for human health. Worryingly, some studies reported that BPA substitutes may cause disruptive effects as harmful, or even more severe, than BPA. However, the existing literature is still limited and inconclusive, particularly concerning cardiovascular effects. In this sense, the aim of the present work was to study the effects of BPA, BPF, and BPS on arterial tone and to analyze the possible mechanisms involved in these effects. Furthermore, it was aimed to understand whether the effects caused by BPA substitutes (BPF and BPS) are more, or less, adverse than those caused by BPA. Our results seem to demonstrate that BPA, BPS, and BPF exert rapid (non-genomic) and endothelium-independent relaxant effects in human umbilical arteries (HUAs). These effects were also observed for BPF and BPS at the cellular level, i.e., in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs). Regarding the long-term effects, the results seem to demonstrate that in HUAs incubated for 24 hours with BPA, the contractile mechanism was altered, in contrast to HUAs incubated with BPF. However, also at the genomic level, it was found that both BPA and BPF can disturb the main mechanisms responsible for the relaxation of HUAs, by interfering with the NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway and modulating the activity of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC). Moreover, our results seem to demonstrate that BPF alters more the vasorelaxant response than BPA. Therefore, replacing BPA with its analogs does not seem to be beneficial for human cardiovascular health. Thus, in the future, the vascular effects of these bisphenols should continue to be evaluated to clarify their modes of action and future implications for maternal-fetal health.
In recent years, the chemical compounds bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) have been used in several everyday products to replace bisphenol A (BPA), since exposure to BPA has been associated with the development of several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. However, recent studies have also been associating exposure to BPA substitutes with the development of various pathologies, such as neurological, thyroid, behavioral, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, questions have been raised about the safety of BPA substitutes for human health. Worryingly, some studies reported that BPA substitutes may cause disruptive effects as harmful, or even more severe, than BPA. However, the existing literature is still limited and inconclusive, particularly concerning cardiovascular effects. In this sense, the aim of the present work was to study the effects of BPA, BPF, and BPS on arterial tone and to analyze the possible mechanisms involved in these effects. Furthermore, it was aimed to understand whether the effects caused by BPA substitutes (BPF and BPS) are more, or less, adverse than those caused by BPA. Our results seem to demonstrate that BPA, BPS, and BPF exert rapid (non-genomic) and endothelium-independent relaxant effects in human umbilical arteries (HUAs). These effects were also observed for BPF and BPS at the cellular level, i.e., in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs). Regarding the long-term effects, the results seem to demonstrate that in HUAs incubated for 24 hours with BPA, the contractile mechanism was altered, in contrast to HUAs incubated with BPF. However, also at the genomic level, it was found that both BPA and BPF can disturb the main mechanisms responsible for the relaxation of HUAs, by interfering with the NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway and modulating the activity of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC). Moreover, our results seem to demonstrate that BPF alters more the vasorelaxant response than BPA. Therefore, replacing BPA with its analogs does not seem to be beneficial for human cardiovascular health. Thus, in the future, the vascular effects of these bisphenols should continue to be evaluated to clarify their modes of action and future implications for maternal-fetal health.
Description
Keywords
Artéria Umbilical Humana Bisfenóis Células Musculares Lisas Disruptores Endócrinos Toxicidade Vascular