A carregar...
Publicação
Avaliação do desempenho de retificadores ativos aplicados em sistemas de carregamento indutivo
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.48 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A crescente preocupação ambiental com as emissões dos motores de combustão interna tem impulsionado a adoção dos veículos elétricos. Enquanto os motores de combustão interna apresentam rendimentos de 20-40% e emitem partículas CO2, NO? em suspensão, os veículos elétricos ultrapassam 90% de rendimento, não produzem emissões locais e reduzem o ruído. Contudo, a produção de baterias de iões de lítio, exige matériasprimas críticas e elevado consumo energético, embora o balanço global de emissões seja mais favorável quando os veículos elétricos operam em redes com elevada incorporação de energias renováveis. As vantagens dos veículos elétricos incluem menores custos de operação, manutenção reduzida e recuperação de energia durante a travagem. As limitações concentram-se na autonomia, tempo de carregamento, custo inicial e desafios de reciclagem. Como alternativa ao carregamento por cabos, a transferência de potência sem fios, baseada no acoplamento magnético ressonante, permite carregamento estático ou dinâmico, simplificando a utilização e viabilizando baterias de menor dimensão. A energia recebida por indução eletromagnética requer retificação. A solução passiva com díodos é simples, mas ineficiente, devido às quedas de tensão. A retificação ativa, com transístores sincronizados, reduz perdas e possibilita funções como vehicle-to-grid ou V2G (do português, veículo para rede). Nesta dissertação comparam-se as duas topologias, em simulação e prototipagem, confirmando a superioridade da retificação ativa em termos de rendimento e aplicabilidade.
The growing environmental concern regarding emissions from internal combustion engines has driven the adoption of electric vehicles. While internal combustion engines exhibit efficiencies of 20–40% and emit CO2, NO?, and particulate matter, electric vehicles surpass 90% efficiency, produce no local emissions, and reduce noise pollution. However, the production of lithium-ion batteries requires critical raw materials and significant energy consumption, although the overall emissions balance is more favorable when electric vehicles operate within electricity grids with high shares of renewable energy. The advantages of electric vehicles include lower operating costs, reduced maintenance, and energy recovery through regenerative braking. Limitations are primarily related to driving range, charging time, upfront cost, and recycling challenges. As an alternative to cablebased charging, wireless power transfer based on resonant magnetic coupling enables both static and dynamic charging, simplifying the user experience and permitting the use of smaller batteries. The energy received through electromagnetic induction requires rectification. The passive solution with diodes is simple but inefficient due to voltage drops. Active rectification, using synchronized MOSFETs, reduces losses and enables functionalities such as vehicle-to-grid integration. This dissertation compares passive and active rectification topologies through simulation and prototyping, demonstrating superior efficiency and applicability of active rectification in practical implementations.
The growing environmental concern regarding emissions from internal combustion engines has driven the adoption of electric vehicles. While internal combustion engines exhibit efficiencies of 20–40% and emit CO2, NO?, and particulate matter, electric vehicles surpass 90% efficiency, produce no local emissions, and reduce noise pollution. However, the production of lithium-ion batteries requires critical raw materials and significant energy consumption, although the overall emissions balance is more favorable when electric vehicles operate within electricity grids with high shares of renewable energy. The advantages of electric vehicles include lower operating costs, reduced maintenance, and energy recovery through regenerative braking. Limitations are primarily related to driving range, charging time, upfront cost, and recycling challenges. As an alternative to cablebased charging, wireless power transfer based on resonant magnetic coupling enables both static and dynamic charging, simplifying the user experience and permitting the use of smaller batteries. The energy received through electromagnetic induction requires rectification. The passive solution with diodes is simple but inefficient due to voltage drops. Active rectification, using synchronized MOSFETs, reduces losses and enables functionalities such as vehicle-to-grid integration. This dissertation compares passive and active rectification topologies through simulation and prototyping, demonstrating superior efficiency and applicability of active rectification in practical implementations.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Indução Eletromagnética Retificação Ativa Transferência de Energia Sem Fios Veículos
Elétricos