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Abstract(s)
A doença de Parkinson é a segunda doença neurodegenerativa mais frequente,
afetando 1% da população acima de 60 anos. Dado que o envelhecimento é o principal fator
de risco desta patologia, a sua incidência tende a aumentar, em paralelo com o
envelhecimento da população mundial. Como as deficiências motoras na doença de
Parkinson resultam em grande parte da perda de neurónios dopaminérgicos na substância
negra, esta é há muito tempo considerada uma das doenças mais promissoras para terapia
baseada em células estaminais, visto abrir a possibilidade de inserir novos neurónios
dopaminérgicos a partir de células estaminais embrionárias e de células estaminais
pluripotentes induzidas no cérebro humano.
As células estaminais têm a capacidade de proliferar e de se diferenciar em várias
linhagens celulares, oferecendo um vasto conjunto de recursos para aplicações terapêuticas.
O uso de células estaminais para tratar doenças neurodegenerativas tornou-se assim uma
área de grande interesse.
A perda neuronal de dopamina é responsável por muitas das características
fisiopatológicas da doença, como rigidez e bradicinesia, que podem ser tratadas no início da
doença com medicamentos dopaminérgicos. Contudo, esta é apenas uma terapêutica
sintomática. Essa medicação não substitui a dopamina apenas no local de maior perda, mas
sim de forma geral, nem imitam a libertação normal de dopamina nesses locais. Sendo
assim, o seu uso resulta em efeitos colaterais, como discinesias e problemas
comportamentais. Em contraste, as terapias de substituição de neurónios dopaminérgicos
têm o potencial de resolver essas desvantagens da farmacêutica dopaminérgica, fornecendo
uma terapêutica modificadora da doença.
Atualmente, vários especialistas reconhecem a possibilidade de células estaminais
revolucionarem a forma como vemos e tratamos a doença de Parkinson, fornecendo assim
uma nova esperança para os pacientes que vivem com esta doença.
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting 1% of the population over 60 years of age. Since aging is the main risk factor for this pathology, its incidence tends to increase, in parallel with the aging of the world population. As the motor impairments in Parkinson's disease largely result from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, this has long been considered one of the most promising diseases for stem cell-based therapy, as we will be able to insert new dopaminergic neurons from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells into the human brain. Stem cells have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into various cell lineages, offering a vast set of resources for therapeutic applications. The use of stem cells to treat neurodegenerative diseases has thus become an area of great interest. Neuronal loss of dopamine is responsible for many of the pathophysiological features of the disease, such as rigidity and bradykinesia, which can be treated early in the disease with dopaminergic medications. However, this is only a sintomatic therapy. This medication does not replace dopamine only at the site of greatest loss, but in the whole body, not imitating the normal release of dopamine at those sites. Therefore, its use results in side effects, such as dyskinesias and behavioral problems. In contrast, dopaminergic neuron replacement therapies have the potential to address these drawbacks of the dopaminergic drugs, providing a disease-modifying therapy. Currently, several experts recognize the possibility that stem cells could revolutionize the way we view and treat Parkinson's disease, thus providing some hope for patients living with this disease.
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting 1% of the population over 60 years of age. Since aging is the main risk factor for this pathology, its incidence tends to increase, in parallel with the aging of the world population. As the motor impairments in Parkinson's disease largely result from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, this has long been considered one of the most promising diseases for stem cell-based therapy, as we will be able to insert new dopaminergic neurons from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells into the human brain. Stem cells have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into various cell lineages, offering a vast set of resources for therapeutic applications. The use of stem cells to treat neurodegenerative diseases has thus become an area of great interest. Neuronal loss of dopamine is responsible for many of the pathophysiological features of the disease, such as rigidity and bradykinesia, which can be treated early in the disease with dopaminergic medications. However, this is only a sintomatic therapy. This medication does not replace dopamine only at the site of greatest loss, but in the whole body, not imitating the normal release of dopamine at those sites. Therefore, its use results in side effects, such as dyskinesias and behavioral problems. In contrast, dopaminergic neuron replacement therapies have the potential to address these drawbacks of the dopaminergic drugs, providing a disease-modifying therapy. Currently, several experts recognize the possibility that stem cells could revolutionize the way we view and treat Parkinson's disease, thus providing some hope for patients living with this disease.
Description
Keywords
Células Estaminais Células Estaminais Embrionárias Células Estaminais Pluripotentes Induzidas Doença de Parkinson Terapia Celular