| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 362.09 KB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
No ano de 2019, surgiu na China, mais especificamente, na cidade de Wuhan, uma epidemia
causada por um vírus desconhecido até então, que se denominou de SARS-CoV-2. A
patologia causada por este vírus, denominada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde de
COVID-19, em meses, propagou-se à esfera mundial, obtendo a designação de pandemia.
Entre as várias manifestações clínicas, destaca-se principalmente tosse seca, dor torácica,
fadiga, febre e dispneia.
A realização deste trabalho tem como objetivo principal inferir acerca das estratégias
eficazes de prevenção de COVID-19 a nível comunitário e hospitalar. Adicionalmente,
proceder-se-á também à identificação das principais vias de transmissão do vírus, assim
como dos principais fatores que favorecem a sua propagação.
Foi realizada uma pesquisa, no dia 10 de dezembro de 2020, nas bases de dados Pubmed e
Cochrane, usando os seguintes termos: “COVID-19” AND (“Prevention” OR “Hospital” OR
“Community” OR “Healthcare”). Foram pesquisados apenas artigos de revisão sistemática
publicados no ano de 2020, nas línguas inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola. Obteve-se um total
de 1092 resultados, tendo sido incluídos neste trabalho 53 artigos.
Neste momento, as principais vias de transmissão do SARS-CoV-2 parecem ser a direta e
indireta, através da libertação de gotículas. Para além das vias de transmissão, existem
outros fatores que favorecem a propagação do vírus, tais como as diminuições da
temperatura e da humidade relativa, a constituição da superfície em aço inoxidável ou
plástico, a sobrelotação de espaços fechados e a existência de sintomas.
Em relação às estratégias de prevenção de COVID-19 a nível comunitário, os estudos
demonstraram eficácia do uso de máscara, da higienização das mãos, da desinfeção de
espaços e superfícies, do distanciamento social, da ventilação de espaços fechados, do
rastreamento de contactos e da quarentena. O mesmo não ocorreu em relação ao uso
profilático de fármacos.
Em relação às estratégias de prevenção de COVID-19 a nível hospitalar, a evidência
demonstra eficácia do uso de máscara, da higienização das mãos, da desinfeção de
superfícies e de utensílios médicos, da ventilação de espaços e da obtenção de algumas
precauções durante procedimentos médicos e cirúrgicos.
In 2019, in China, more specifically, in the city of Wuhan, has emerged an epidemic caused by a virus unknown until then, which was called SARS-CoV-2. The pathology caused by this virus, called COVID-19 by World Health Organization, in months, spread to the entire world, obtaining the designation of pandemic. Among the various clinical manifestations, dry cough, chest pain, fatigue, fever and dyspnea stand out. This work aims mainly to infer about prevention of COVID-19 at community and hospital level. In addition, the main transmission routes of the virus will also be identified, as well as the main factors that favor its spread. A search was carried out, on December 10, 2020, in the Pubmed and Cochrane databases, using the following terms: “COVID-19” AND (“Prevention” OR “Hospital” OR “Community” OR “Healthcare”). Only systematic review articles published in 2020 were searched, in English, Portuguese and Spanish languages. A total of 1092 results were obtained, with 53 articles included in this work. At this time, the main routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 appear to be direct and indirect, through the release of droplets. In addition to the transmission routes, there are other factors that favor the spread of the virus, such as decreases in temperature and in relative humidity, a constitution of the surface in stainless steel or plastic, an overcrowding of closed spaces and the existence of symptoms. Regarding COVID-19 prevention strategies at the community level, studies have shown the effective use of mask, hand hygiene, disinfection of spaces and surfaces, social distance, ventilation of closed spaces, contact tracking and quarantine. The same did not happen in relation to the prophylactic use of drugs. In relation to COVID-19 prevention strategies at hospital level, evidence demonstrated efficacy of the use of mask, hand hygiene, disinfection of surfaces and medical materials, ventilation of spaces and the achievement of some precautions during medical and surgical procedures.
In 2019, in China, more specifically, in the city of Wuhan, has emerged an epidemic caused by a virus unknown until then, which was called SARS-CoV-2. The pathology caused by this virus, called COVID-19 by World Health Organization, in months, spread to the entire world, obtaining the designation of pandemic. Among the various clinical manifestations, dry cough, chest pain, fatigue, fever and dyspnea stand out. This work aims mainly to infer about prevention of COVID-19 at community and hospital level. In addition, the main transmission routes of the virus will also be identified, as well as the main factors that favor its spread. A search was carried out, on December 10, 2020, in the Pubmed and Cochrane databases, using the following terms: “COVID-19” AND (“Prevention” OR “Hospital” OR “Community” OR “Healthcare”). Only systematic review articles published in 2020 were searched, in English, Portuguese and Spanish languages. A total of 1092 results were obtained, with 53 articles included in this work. At this time, the main routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 appear to be direct and indirect, through the release of droplets. In addition to the transmission routes, there are other factors that favor the spread of the virus, such as decreases in temperature and in relative humidity, a constitution of the surface in stainless steel or plastic, an overcrowding of closed spaces and the existence of symptoms. Regarding COVID-19 prevention strategies at the community level, studies have shown the effective use of mask, hand hygiene, disinfection of spaces and surfaces, social distance, ventilation of closed spaces, contact tracking and quarantine. The same did not happen in relation to the prophylactic use of drugs. In relation to COVID-19 prevention strategies at hospital level, evidence demonstrated efficacy of the use of mask, hand hygiene, disinfection of surfaces and medical materials, ventilation of spaces and the achievement of some precautions during medical and surgical procedures.
Description
Keywords
Comunidade Covid-19 Cuidados de Saúde Hospital Prevenção