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A pesquisa de substâncias naturais de plantas resultou na descoberta de vários medicamentos
úteis para o tratamento de diferentes doenças, impulsionando o desenvolvimento de
tecnologias de extração e separação, métodos espectroscópicos para elucidação da estrutura e
metodologias sintéticas fundamentais da Química orgânica analítica. Este trabalho teve como
objetivo caracterizar os compostos fitoquímicos presentes nos extratos da casca e raízes de
Alchornea cordifolia, pertencente à família Euphorbiaceae. Foram utilizadas técnicas de
extração sólido-líquido com solventes de polaridade crescente (n-hexano, acetona e etanol) e
o extrato de hexano foi submetido à desceração e a cera obtida foi primeiramente submetida
ao processo de hidrólise com metanol em presença de NaOH obtendo a parte neutra e as partes
ácidas (1 e 2) e depois as partes ácidas foram esterificadas com diazometano. A análise por
Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM) de cera do extrato de
hexano da casca da parte aérea identificou quinze compostos fitoquímicos, incluindo
triterpenoides, fitoesteróis e álcoois graxos. A caracterização por RMN dos extratos sugeriu a
presença de substâncias bioativas, incluindo flavonoide, triterpenoide, ésteres, compostos
fenólicos. Recomenda-se continuar o estudo com mais técnicas espectroscópicas (IV, CG-EM,
HPLC) e investigações de actividades biológicas, como antimicrobiana e antidiabética.
Research into natural plant substances has resulted in the discovery of several useful drugs for the treatment of different diseases, driving the development of extraction and separation technologies, spectroscopic methods for structure elucidation and fundamental synthetic methodologies in analytical organic chemistry. The aim of this work was to characterise the phytochemical compounds present in extracts of the bark and roots of Alchornea cordifolia, which belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. Solid-liquid extraction techniques were used with solvents of increasing polarity (n-hexane, acetone and ethanol) and the hexane extract was subjected to deceration and the wax obtained was first subjected to the hydrolysis process with methanol in the presence of NaOH, obtaining the neutral part and the acidic parts (1 and 2) and then the acidic parts were esterified with diazomethane. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the wax from the hexane extract of the bark of the aerial part identified fifteen phytochemical compounds, including triterpenoids, phytosterols and fatty alcohols. NMR characterisation of the extracts suggested the presence of bioactive substances, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, esters and phenolic compounds. It is recommended to continue the study with more spectroscopic techniques (IR, GC-MS, HPLC) and investigations of biological activities, such as antimicrobial and antidiabetic.
Research into natural plant substances has resulted in the discovery of several useful drugs for the treatment of different diseases, driving the development of extraction and separation technologies, spectroscopic methods for structure elucidation and fundamental synthetic methodologies in analytical organic chemistry. The aim of this work was to characterise the phytochemical compounds present in extracts of the bark and roots of Alchornea cordifolia, which belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. Solid-liquid extraction techniques were used with solvents of increasing polarity (n-hexane, acetone and ethanol) and the hexane extract was subjected to deceration and the wax obtained was first subjected to the hydrolysis process with methanol in the presence of NaOH, obtaining the neutral part and the acidic parts (1 and 2) and then the acidic parts were esterified with diazomethane. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the wax from the hexane extract of the bark of the aerial part identified fifteen phytochemical compounds, including triterpenoids, phytosterols and fatty alcohols. NMR characterisation of the extracts suggested the presence of bioactive substances, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, esters and phenolic compounds. It is recommended to continue the study with more spectroscopic techniques (IR, GC-MS, HPLC) and investigations of biological activities, such as antimicrobial and antidiabetic.
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Alchornea Cordifolia (Schumach. e Thonn.) Müll. Arg. Caraterização Fitoquímica Cera de Extrato de Hexano Extrato de Acetona Extrato de Etanol Extrato de Hexano Substâncias Naturais