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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas é
constituído por dois capítulos e encontra-se inserido na Unidade Curricular Estágio. O
primeiro capítulo, refere-se à componente de Investigação, consiste numa revisão
bibliográfica sobre a aplicação da tecnologia blockchain como meio de atingir a
interoperabilidade de registos clínicos em saúde. O segundo capítulo corresponde ao relatório
do estágio curricular em farmácia comunitária realizado na Farmácia Sena Padez no Fundão,
sob orientação da Dra. Teresa Padez.
A digitalização dos registos clínicos traduziu-se numa grande evolução para os
cuidados de saúde, as instituições e a sociedade em geral. No entanto, a parca capacidade
das instituições de saúde de comunicarem entre si e partilharem os registos clínicos
eletrónicos (EHR), é um entrave à formulação de sistemas de informação robustos que
assistam os profissionais de saúde na prática clínica diária.
Neste trabalho introduzimos o problema da interoperabilidade e o estado da arte
nesta matéria, desde o surgimento dos EHR e dos standards para facilitarem a sua partilha,
até ao ecossistema de saúde digital que vigora em Portugal. Numa segunda fase deste estudo
procurámos perceber de que forma a tecnologia blockhain poderá facilitar a transição para
ambientes interoperáveis em saúde, de forma segura, robusta e confiável. Abordamos ainda
aplicações adicionais da tecnologia, como a integração com a Internet of Things e a
Inteligência Artificial e a gestão de cadeias de abastecimento farmacêuticas. Concluímos que
no seu estado atual de desenvolvimento ainda há desafios que devem ser resolvidos, como a
escalabilidade, o mecanismo de consenso que gere a rede e qual deve ser o tipo de dados a
armazenar na blockchain. Assim, não é possível afirmar de forma categórica que a blockchain
é uma solução absoluta para o problema da interoperabilidade.
O segundo capítulo descreve o estágio curricular realizado entre 21 de janeiro de
2019 e 31 de maio de 2019, com um total de 800 horas. Este capítulo pretende expor a
realidade quotidiana do farmacêutico de comunidade, as suas funções enquanto especialista
do medicamento e as vicissitudes da farmácia comunitária. No decorrer do estágio em
farmácia comunitária foi fácil constatar que os farmacêuticos, dispõem de poucas
informações clínicas dos utentes, o que muitas vezes limita a sua intervenção na prestação de
cuidados de saúde de qualidade.
This report for obtaining the master’s degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences consists of two chapters and is included in the “Estágio” (Internship) Curricular Unit. The first chapter, which refers to the Research component, consists of a literature review on the application of blockchain technology as a mean to achieve interoperability in clinical health records. The second chapter refers to the report of the curricular internship in community pharmacy held at Farmácia Sena Padez in Fundão, under the supervision of Dr. Teresa Padez. The digitization of clinical records turned out to be a major evolution for healthcare, institutions and society at large. However, the poor capacity of health institutions to communicate with each other and share electronic clinical records (EHR) is a barrier to the formulation of robust information systems that assist health professionals in daily clinical practice. In this report we introduce the interoperability problem and the state of the art in this field, from the emergence of EHR and standards to facilitate their sharing, to the digital health ecosystem that exists in Portugal. In the second phase of this study we sought to understand how the blockhain technology can facilitate the transition to interoperable, safe, robust and reliable healthcare environments. We also address additional applications of this technology, such as the integration with the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence, and pharmaceutical supply chain management. We conclude that in its current state of development, there are still challenges that need to be addressed, such as scalability, the consensus engine that manages the network, and what type of data to store in the blockchain. Thus, it cannot be categorically stated that blockchain is an absolute solution to the interoperability problem. The second chapter describes the community pharmacy curricular internship, developed between January 21st, 2019 and May 31st, 2019, with a total of 800 hours. This chapter aims to expose the daily reality of the community pharmacist, his duties as a healthcare professional and the vicissitudes of the community pharmacy. During the internship in community pharmacy it was easy to see that pharmacists have little clinical information from users, which often limits their intervention in providing quality health care.
This report for obtaining the master’s degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences consists of two chapters and is included in the “Estágio” (Internship) Curricular Unit. The first chapter, which refers to the Research component, consists of a literature review on the application of blockchain technology as a mean to achieve interoperability in clinical health records. The second chapter refers to the report of the curricular internship in community pharmacy held at Farmácia Sena Padez in Fundão, under the supervision of Dr. Teresa Padez. The digitization of clinical records turned out to be a major evolution for healthcare, institutions and society at large. However, the poor capacity of health institutions to communicate with each other and share electronic clinical records (EHR) is a barrier to the formulation of robust information systems that assist health professionals in daily clinical practice. In this report we introduce the interoperability problem and the state of the art in this field, from the emergence of EHR and standards to facilitate their sharing, to the digital health ecosystem that exists in Portugal. In the second phase of this study we sought to understand how the blockhain technology can facilitate the transition to interoperable, safe, robust and reliable healthcare environments. We also address additional applications of this technology, such as the integration with the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence, and pharmaceutical supply chain management. We conclude that in its current state of development, there are still challenges that need to be addressed, such as scalability, the consensus engine that manages the network, and what type of data to store in the blockchain. Thus, it cannot be categorically stated that blockchain is an absolute solution to the interoperability problem. The second chapter describes the community pharmacy curricular internship, developed between January 21st, 2019 and May 31st, 2019, with a total of 800 hours. This chapter aims to expose the daily reality of the community pharmacist, his duties as a healthcare professional and the vicissitudes of the community pharmacy. During the internship in community pharmacy it was easy to see that pharmacists have little clinical information from users, which often limits their intervention in providing quality health care.
Description
Keywords
Blockchain Farmácia Comunitária Interoperabilidade Registos Clínicos Digitais Saúde Digital