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Abstract(s)
Vários autores têm vindo apontar o empreendedorismo como impulsionador do emprego e do desenvolvimento económico (e.g., Song & Winkler, 2014; Tödtling & Trippl 2005; Laukkanen, 2000), considerando-o uma componente chave para as economias locais num mercado cada vez mais globalizado (Díaz-García, et al., 2015). Além disso, muitos governos têm vindo a introduzir e a financiar Programas de Educação de Empreendedorismo e Formação (PEEF), como instrumento político para fomentar a inovação, criar novas empresas e melhorar o desenvolvimento económico das regiões (e.g., Gangi, 2017; Gedeon, 2017; Cheung, 2008).
Neste sentido, o principal objetivo desta investigação é analisar e perceber de que forma um programas de educação de empreendedorismo e formação influencia o desenvolvimento de uma região. Neste contexto, e de forma mais pormenorizada traçaram-se os seguintes quatro objetivos específicos: i) explorar de que forma a formação ou educação para o empreendedorismo pode ser um facilitador de desenvolvimento regional, e perceber quais as tendências atuais e futuras dentro desta temática; ii) perceber qual o papel dos principais stakeholders no programas de educação de empreendedorismo e formação e qual a perceção que estes têm sobre a influência do programa no desenvolvimento regional; iii) analisar o papel dos PEEF no desenvolvimento de competências empreendedoras e criação de empresas; iv) avaliar o Programa de Empreendedorismo Sabor (PES), de forma a propor novas diretrizes de melhoria.
Esta tese de investigação é composta por quatro estudos empíricos, em que o primeiro estudo faz uma revisão sistemática à literatura sobre a educação e formação de empreendedorismo no desenvolvimento regional, tendo como base, publicações da base de dados SCOPUS. O segundo estudo, de método qualitativo, recorre, através de entrevistas, à opinião dos stakeholders que estiveram envolvidos no PES. O terceiro estudo de caracter quantitativo, recorre aos questionários para analisar o papel do programa de empreendedorismo no desenvolvimento de competências empreendedoras e criação de empresas. Por último, o quarto estudo, recorre a métodos mistos (qualitativo e quantitativo) para avaliar a evolução do PES e para propor novas diretrizes de melhoria.
Os resultados mostraram que o PES influência de forma positiva o desenvolvimento da região, quer seja através das competências empreendedoras dos seus participantes, como através da criação de empresas, emprego, serviços especializados, inovação, entre outros. No entanto para que o PES seja mais eficiente e eficaz é necessário criar-se um ecossistema empreendedor, através da participação dos atores locais (stakeholders), e de políticas especificas às necessidades dos empreendedores e da região. Os resultados permitiram também chegar a uma proposta de possível melhoria de programas de educação de empreendedorismo e formação que poderá ser implementado em outras regiões ou países.
Esta tese de investigação pretende assim contribuir para um maior conhecimento empírico de como os programas de educação e formação para o empreendedorismo podem influenciar o desenvolvimento regional. Além disso, pretende-se propor uma metodologia de programa que poderá ser implementado em outras regiões. Por fim, são ainda apresentadas implicações teorias e práticas salientando-se o que precisa de ser ainda feito ao nível dos programas de educação de empreendedorismo e formação.
Several authors have been pointing to entrepreneurship as a driver of employment and economic development (e.g., Song & Winkler, 2014; Tödtling & Trippl 2005; Laukkanen, 2000), considering it a key component for local economies in an increasingly globalized market (Díaz-García, et al., 2015). In addition, many governments have introduced and funded Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programmes (EETP) as a policy instrument to foster innovation, create new businesses and improve the economic development of regions (e.g., Gangi, 2017; Gedeon, 2017; Cheung, 2008). In this sense, the main objective of this research is to analyse and understand how an entrepreneurship education and training program influences the development of a region. In this context, and in more detail, the following four specific objectives have been outlined: i) explore how entrepreneurship training or education can be a facilitator of regional development, and understand current and future trends in this area; ii) Understand the role of the main stakeholders in the entrepreneurship education and training programmes and what perception they have on the influence of the program on Regional development; iii) analyse the role of the EETP in the development of entrepreneurial skills and creation of companies; iv) evaluate the Sabor Entrepreneurship Program (SEP), in order to propose new improvement guidelines. This research thesis is composed of four empirical studies, in which the first study systematically reviews the literature on entrepreneurship education and training in regional development, based on publications from the SCOPUS database. The second study, of qualitative method, appeals, through interviews, to the opinion of the stakeholders who were involved in the SEP. The third quantitative study uses the questionnaires to analyse the role of the entrepreneurship program in the development of entrepreneurial skills and the creation of companies. Finally, the fourth study uses mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) to evaluate the evolution of PES and propose new guidelines for improvement. The results showed that SEP has a positive influence on the development of the region, whether through the entrepreneurial skills of its participants or through the creation of companies, employment, specialized services, innovation, among others. However, for PES to be more efficient and effective, it is necessary to create an entrepreneurial ecosystem, through the participation of stakeholders, and specific policies to the needs of entrepreneurs and the region. The results also led to a proposal for a possible improvement of entrepreneurship education and training programmes that could be implemented in other regions or countries. This research thesis aims to contribute to a greater empirical knowledge of how education and training programs for entrepreneurship can influence regional development. In addition, it is intended to propose a programme methodology that can be implemented in other regions. In the end, theories and practices are also presented, emphasizing what needs to be done at the level of entrepreneurship and training education programs.
Several authors have been pointing to entrepreneurship as a driver of employment and economic development (e.g., Song & Winkler, 2014; Tödtling & Trippl 2005; Laukkanen, 2000), considering it a key component for local economies in an increasingly globalized market (Díaz-García, et al., 2015). In addition, many governments have introduced and funded Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programmes (EETP) as a policy instrument to foster innovation, create new businesses and improve the economic development of regions (e.g., Gangi, 2017; Gedeon, 2017; Cheung, 2008). In this sense, the main objective of this research is to analyse and understand how an entrepreneurship education and training program influences the development of a region. In this context, and in more detail, the following four specific objectives have been outlined: i) explore how entrepreneurship training or education can be a facilitator of regional development, and understand current and future trends in this area; ii) Understand the role of the main stakeholders in the entrepreneurship education and training programmes and what perception they have on the influence of the program on Regional development; iii) analyse the role of the EETP in the development of entrepreneurial skills and creation of companies; iv) evaluate the Sabor Entrepreneurship Program (SEP), in order to propose new improvement guidelines. This research thesis is composed of four empirical studies, in which the first study systematically reviews the literature on entrepreneurship education and training in regional development, based on publications from the SCOPUS database. The second study, of qualitative method, appeals, through interviews, to the opinion of the stakeholders who were involved in the SEP. The third quantitative study uses the questionnaires to analyse the role of the entrepreneurship program in the development of entrepreneurial skills and the creation of companies. Finally, the fourth study uses mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) to evaluate the evolution of PES and propose new guidelines for improvement. The results showed that SEP has a positive influence on the development of the region, whether through the entrepreneurial skills of its participants or through the creation of companies, employment, specialized services, innovation, among others. However, for PES to be more efficient and effective, it is necessary to create an entrepreneurial ecosystem, through the participation of stakeholders, and specific policies to the needs of entrepreneurs and the region. The results also led to a proposal for a possible improvement of entrepreneurship education and training programmes that could be implemented in other regions or countries. This research thesis aims to contribute to a greater empirical knowledge of how education and training programs for entrepreneurship can influence regional development. In addition, it is intended to propose a programme methodology that can be implemented in other regions. In the end, theories and practices are also presented, emphasizing what needs to be done at the level of entrepreneurship and training education programs.
Description
Keywords
Programa de empreendedorismo Educação - Formação Desenvolvimento regional Stakeholders Criação de empresa