| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.46 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
Introdução: O cancro cutâneo apresenta grande morbimortalidade e encargos económicos,
contudo é curável se diagnosticado e tratado precoce e adequadamente. A prevenção,
primária e secundária, é fulcral para diminuir a sua incidência e promover uma deteção
precoce, pelo que se torna fundamental identificar os conhecimentos e atitudes da
população, sobre cancro cutâneo.
Objetivo: Avaliar os conhecimentos e as atitudes preventivas recomendadas, relativos ao
cancro cutâneo, na intenção de identificar possíveis fatores associados à baixa adoção destas
medidas.
Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico que decorreu de maio a setembro de 2015,
com a aplicação de um questionário, aos utentes e/ou acompanhantes, na consulta externa
do CHCB-EPE. Aderiu-se ao “rastreio do Cancro Cutâneo- Euromelanoma”, realizando-o no
CHCB-EPE, a partir do qual se obtiveram 19 dos questionários do estudo. A análise estatística
foi efetuada com recurso ao software: SPSS-v22.0.
Resultados: Obtiveram-se 342 questionários. O cumprimento adequado de “medidas
preventivas major” observa-se em 13.2%, sendo o protetor solar das medidas mais utilizadas,
especialmente o de elevado FPS, e preferencialmente durante a exposição solar prolongada
em banhos de sol; contudo 31.3% nunca ou raramente usam protetor. Medidas preventivas
minor também são bastante adotadas, sendo a sombra e o chapéu as eleitas. Ser adulto
jovem/ adulto, (19-64 anos), estudante ou profissional da segurança/ comércio/ proteção/
serviços pessoais ou profissional intelectual/ científico, e ter secundário/ curso profissional
ou universitário apresenta-se preditor de maior utilização de atitudes preventivas e
conhecimentos sobre cancro cutâneo. Na maioria das situações, as crianças e os com
habilitações- 1º ciclo, também se destacam pela adoção de atitudes e conhecimentos
adequados. Apenas uma pequena percentagem da amostra se considera informada sobre o
cancro cutâneo e proteção solar, contudo mais de metade apresenta conhecimentos
significativos. A temática protetor solar é a que evidencia maiores conhecimentos,
encontrando-se maior desconhecimento relativamente a temáticas específicas, como: regras
de utilização e especificidades do protetor solar, e características fotoprotetivas da roupa.
Constata-se uma relação significativa entre um adequado nível de conhecimentos e a
realização de autoexame da pele, uso de protetor de elevado FPS, e uso consistente de
protetor aquando de banhos sol, (p<0.05). História pessoal de cancro cutâneo favorece a
adoção de algumas medidas individuais, como utilizar protetor, óculos, chapéu; e associa-se a
conhecimentos adequados sobre “fatores de risco” e “medidas fotoprotetivas”. Constata-se
associação estatisticamente significativa entre a realização de autoexame da pele e história
pessoal de melanoma. Conclusões: Uma percentagem expressiva da amostra não se protege do sol como é
adequado, observando-se apenas a prática significativa de algumas medidas preventivas
primárias individualmente. Apesar do bom nível de conhecimentos observados, não
aparentam ser sinónimo da prática adequada de medidas preventivas primárias
recomendadas, parecendo existir alguma desvalorização da temática. Reforça-se assim a
ideia de que novas estratégias e campanhas de divulgação e prevenção devem ser
implementadas, abordando também conhecimentos mais específicos e direcionadas
adequadamente para as diversas faixas etárias e grupos populacionais, de forma a ajudar as
pessoas a compreender a importância da fotoproteção e prevenção do cancro cutâneo.
Introduction: The skin cancer presents high morbidity, mortality and economic burden, but is curable if diagnosed and treated early and adequately. Prevention, primary and secondary, is central to reduce its incidence and promote early detection, and it is therefore essential to identify the knowledge and attitudes of the population, about skin cancer. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and the recommended preventive measures relating to skin cancer, in an attempt to identify possible factors associated with low adoption of these measures. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study which took place from May to September 2015, with the application of a questionnaire to patients and / or companions, in the external consultation of the CHCB-EPE. We adhere to the skin Cancer screening "Euromelanoma", and apply them in the CHCB-EPE, where obtained 19 questionnaires of the study . Statistical analysis was performed using the software :SPSS-v22.0 . Results: 342 questionnaires were obtained. The proper compliance of "major prevention measures" is observed in 13.2%, the sunscreen the most widely used measures, especially the high SPF, and preferably during prolonged sun exposure in the sun; however 31.3% never or rarely wear sunscreen. Minor prevention measures are also quite adopted, with the shadow and hat elected. Being young adult / adult (19-64 years), student or professional security / trade / protection / personal service, or intellectual / scientific professional, and have secondary / vocational or university education, was a predictor of increased use of preventive attitudes and knowledge about skin cancer. In most situations, children and the persons with 1st cycle, also stand out by the adoption of appropriate attitudes and knowledge. Only a small percentage of the sample is considered informed about skin cancer and sun protection, however more than half have significant knowledge. The sunscreen theme evidence a greater knowledge, finding greater ignorance on specific topics such as rules and specific use of sunscreen, and fotoprotective features of clothing. There has been a significant relationship between an appropriate level of knowledge and performance of skin self-examination, high SPF sunscreen use, and consistent use of protection during sun baths, (p <0.05). Personal history of skin cancer favors adoption of individual measures, such as using high SPF sunscreen, sun glasses, hat; and is associated with adequate knowledge of "risk factors" and "photoprotection measures”. Denotes a statistically significant association between performing self-examination of the skin and melanoma personal history. Conclusions: A significant percentage of the sample does not protect from the sun as recommended, observing only a significant practice of some primary preventive measures individually. Despite the good level of knowledge observed, do not appear to be synonymous with the proper practice of recommended primary preventive measures, there appears to be some devaluation of the theme. It thereby enhances the idea that new strategies and information and prevention campaigns should be implemented, also addressing more specific knowledge and properly directed to different age and population groups ranges, in order to help people understand the importance of sun protection and skin cancer prevention.
Introduction: The skin cancer presents high morbidity, mortality and economic burden, but is curable if diagnosed and treated early and adequately. Prevention, primary and secondary, is central to reduce its incidence and promote early detection, and it is therefore essential to identify the knowledge and attitudes of the population, about skin cancer. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and the recommended preventive measures relating to skin cancer, in an attempt to identify possible factors associated with low adoption of these measures. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study which took place from May to September 2015, with the application of a questionnaire to patients and / or companions, in the external consultation of the CHCB-EPE. We adhere to the skin Cancer screening "Euromelanoma", and apply them in the CHCB-EPE, where obtained 19 questionnaires of the study . Statistical analysis was performed using the software :SPSS-v22.0 . Results: 342 questionnaires were obtained. The proper compliance of "major prevention measures" is observed in 13.2%, the sunscreen the most widely used measures, especially the high SPF, and preferably during prolonged sun exposure in the sun; however 31.3% never or rarely wear sunscreen. Minor prevention measures are also quite adopted, with the shadow and hat elected. Being young adult / adult (19-64 years), student or professional security / trade / protection / personal service, or intellectual / scientific professional, and have secondary / vocational or university education, was a predictor of increased use of preventive attitudes and knowledge about skin cancer. In most situations, children and the persons with 1st cycle, also stand out by the adoption of appropriate attitudes and knowledge. Only a small percentage of the sample is considered informed about skin cancer and sun protection, however more than half have significant knowledge. The sunscreen theme evidence a greater knowledge, finding greater ignorance on specific topics such as rules and specific use of sunscreen, and fotoprotective features of clothing. There has been a significant relationship between an appropriate level of knowledge and performance of skin self-examination, high SPF sunscreen use, and consistent use of protection during sun baths, (p <0.05). Personal history of skin cancer favors adoption of individual measures, such as using high SPF sunscreen, sun glasses, hat; and is associated with adequate knowledge of "risk factors" and "photoprotection measures”. Denotes a statistically significant association between performing self-examination of the skin and melanoma personal history. Conclusions: A significant percentage of the sample does not protect from the sun as recommended, observing only a significant practice of some primary preventive measures individually. Despite the good level of knowledge observed, do not appear to be synonymous with the proper practice of recommended primary preventive measures, there appears to be some devaluation of the theme. It thereby enhances the idea that new strategies and information and prevention campaigns should be implemented, also addressing more specific knowledge and properly directed to different age and population groups ranges, in order to help people understand the importance of sun protection and skin cancer prevention.
Description
Keywords
Atitudes/Medidas Preventivas Cancro Cutâneo Conhecimentos. Prevenção