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Abstract(s)
O papel do mosteiro implica na sua raĂz uma adaptação ao ideal de Cidade Santa: um local de
recato, mas em simultùneo possuidor de espiritualidade, um local de oração. Neste ùmbito, a
Ordem de Cister foi fundada com o intuito de retornar Ă s origens dos ensinamentos patentes
na Regra de SĂŁo Bento, num momento em que se necessitava de reforma pois por um lado
surge a opulĂȘncia adotada pela Ordem de Cluny e por outro a simplicidade e ascetismo da
Ordem de Cister. Ambas reformas da Ordem Beneditina.
Surge portanto uma Ordem religiosa com uma linguagem arquitetĂłnica prĂłpria, marcada por
uma profunda racionalidade e austeridade, mas também pela flexibilidade, se considerarmos
que a mesma se abre aos regionalismos e ecletismos dos lugares onde se implanta, apesar de
manter sempre um carĂĄcter espacial resultante da prĂĄtica da Regra de SĂŁo Bento.
O legado que esta nos deixa Ă© vasto e rico, tendo como exemplos elementos tĂŁo distintos
como o Mosteiro de São Bento de Cåstris ou o de Santa Maria de Alcobaça, que marca, além
dos fatores anteriormente referenciados, uma testemunha da ocupação de territórios ermos,
mais tarde ocupados por populaçÔes que aproveitavam a proximidade destes edifĂcios
enquanto pontos de maior segurança e conforto. A Ordem adquire neste sentido um papel de
âĂąncoraâ urbana importante como se comprovarĂĄ nos sĂ©culos posteriores, ainda que nalguns
casos permaneça relativamente longe das cidades, noutros casos estes vestĂgios de
arquitetura monĂĄstica sĂŁo absorvidos pelas cidades.
Referida a presença de uma identidade própria na arquitetura cisterciense, bem como a
importùncia do mosteiro na ocupação urbana do território surge uma questão: de que modo
esta linguagem arquitetĂłnica poderĂĄ (ou nĂŁo) influenciar a arquitetura religiosa
contemporĂąnea?
Tendo por base o exemplo de alguns mosteiros cistercienses em Portugal enquanto meio de
estudo e de introdução de informação pertinente sobre a arquitetura religiosa e a Ordem de
Cister; em contraponto com uma abordagem Ă arquitetura religiosa contemporĂąnea,
pretende-se responder o mais coerentemente possĂvel a esta pergunta.
Esta dissertação faz parte do Projeto de Investigação EXPL/EPH-PAT/2253/2013 financiado
pela FCT-Fundação para a CiĂȘncia e a Tecnologia intitulado âORFEUS-A Reforma Tridentina e
a mĂșsica no SilĂȘncio Claustral: o Mosteiro de S. Bento de CĂĄstrisâ. Desta forma a Universidade
da Beira Interior (UBI) é Instituição participante juntamente com as Universidades do Minho
(UM) e dos Açores (UAçores) sendo a Universidade de Ăvora a Instituição proponente. A
Investigadora principal deste Projeto Ă© a Professora Doutora AntĂłnia Fialho Conde e como responsĂĄvel pela atividade da UBI estĂĄ Investigadora colaboradora neste Projeto, Professora
Doutora Ana Maria Tavares Martins que orienta esta dissertação.
The role of the monastery in its root implies an adaptation to the ideal of the Holy City: a place of modesty, but at the same time owner of spirituality, a place of prayer. In this context, the Cistercian Order was founded with the intention of returning to the origins of patents teaching the Rule of St. Benedict, at a time when reform is needed because on one hand there is the opulence adopted by the Order of Cluny and the other the simplicity and asceticism of the Cistercian Order. Both reforms of the Benedictine Order. Hence comes a religious Order with its own architectural language, characterized by a deep rationality and austerity, but also by the flexibility, considering that it opens the regionalisms and eclecticisms places where it implants, though always maintaining a spatial character resulting of the practice of the Rule of St. Benedict. The legacy that this leaves us is vast and rich, taking as example the Monastery of SĂŁo Bento Castris or Santa Maria de Alcobaça, which marks, in addition to factors previously referenced, a witness to the occupation of wilderness areas later occupied by people who took advantage of the proximity of these buildings as points of greater safety and comfort. The Order acquires in this sense, an important role of urban "anchor", as will prove in later centuries, since in some cases still remain relatively far from the cities, in other cases these traces of monastic architecture are absorbed by cities. Referred to the presence of an identity in Cistercian architecture, as well as the importance of the monastery in urban occupation of the territory the question arises: how this architectural language may (or may not) influence the contemporary religious architecture? Based on the example of some Cistercian monasteries in Portugal as a means of study and introduction of relevant information on religious architecture and the Cistercian Order; in contrast to an approach to contemporary religious architecture, the intention is as consistently as possible answer to this question. This work is part of the Research Project EXPL / EPH-PAT / 2253/2013 FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology entitled "The ORFEUS-Tridentine Reform and the music in cloistered silence: the Monastery of St. Benedict of Castris ". Thus the University of Beira Interior (UBI) is participating institution together with the Universities of Minho (UM) and the Azores (UAçores) and the University of Ăvora the proposing institution. The main researcher of this project is Professor Antonia Fialho Conde and as responsible for the activity of UBI is collaborating in this Project Researcher, Professor Ana Maria Tavares Martins that guides this dissertation.
The role of the monastery in its root implies an adaptation to the ideal of the Holy City: a place of modesty, but at the same time owner of spirituality, a place of prayer. In this context, the Cistercian Order was founded with the intention of returning to the origins of patents teaching the Rule of St. Benedict, at a time when reform is needed because on one hand there is the opulence adopted by the Order of Cluny and the other the simplicity and asceticism of the Cistercian Order. Both reforms of the Benedictine Order. Hence comes a religious Order with its own architectural language, characterized by a deep rationality and austerity, but also by the flexibility, considering that it opens the regionalisms and eclecticisms places where it implants, though always maintaining a spatial character resulting of the practice of the Rule of St. Benedict. The legacy that this leaves us is vast and rich, taking as example the Monastery of SĂŁo Bento Castris or Santa Maria de Alcobaça, which marks, in addition to factors previously referenced, a witness to the occupation of wilderness areas later occupied by people who took advantage of the proximity of these buildings as points of greater safety and comfort. The Order acquires in this sense, an important role of urban "anchor", as will prove in later centuries, since in some cases still remain relatively far from the cities, in other cases these traces of monastic architecture are absorbed by cities. Referred to the presence of an identity in Cistercian architecture, as well as the importance of the monastery in urban occupation of the territory the question arises: how this architectural language may (or may not) influence the contemporary religious architecture? Based on the example of some Cistercian monasteries in Portugal as a means of study and introduction of relevant information on religious architecture and the Cistercian Order; in contrast to an approach to contemporary religious architecture, the intention is as consistently as possible answer to this question. This work is part of the Research Project EXPL / EPH-PAT / 2253/2013 FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology entitled "The ORFEUS-Tridentine Reform and the music in cloistered silence: the Monastery of St. Benedict of Castris ". Thus the University of Beira Interior (UBI) is participating institution together with the Universities of Minho (UM) and the Azores (UAçores) and the University of Ăvora the proposing institution. The main researcher of this project is Professor Antonia Fialho Conde and as responsible for the activity of UBI is collaborating in this Project Researcher, Professor Ana Maria Tavares Martins that guides this dissertation.
Description
Keywords
Arquitetura MonĂĄstica Arquitetura Religiosa ContemporĂąnea InfluĂȘncia (S) Ordem Cisterciense