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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A microbiota intestinal representa todos os microrganismos que habitam o
trato gastrointestinal, sendo a sua composição e equilíbrio condições necessárias para o
desenvolvimento e manutenção da saúde, uma vez que esta desempenha várias funções
essenciais na proteção e regulação metabólica e imunitária. A disbiose, caracterizada por
um desequilíbrio na normal microbiota intestinal, parece estar envolvida no
desenvolvimento de várias patologias, tanto intestinais, metabólicas como autoimunes.
Uma dessas doenças é a Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, que se caracteriza por uma destruição
das células produtoras de insulina no pâncreas, levando a uma deficiência absoluta de
insulina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi perceber se alterações na microbiota intestinal
poderiam estar implicadas no desenvolvimento da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1.
Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica no motor de busca PubMed, de forma
a identificar os artigos que comparassem a microbiota intestinal de indivíduos com
Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 com a de indivíduos saudáveis, tendo utilizado as seguintes
palavras-chave: "fecal microbiota", "fecal microbiome", "gut microbiota", "gut
microbiome", "type 1 diabetes", “case-control study” e “observational study”. Foram,
também, consultadas as listas de referências bibliográficas dos artigos inicialmente
identificados.
Resultados: Foram selecionados 15 artigos. A maioria dos artigos revelou alterações
significativas na microbiota intestinal de indivíduos diabéticos, comparativamente à de
indivíduos saudáveis, tendo relatado uma diminuição na diversidade da microbiota, com a
diminuição de algumas espécies benéficas, como Bifidobacterium e Lactobacillales. Para
além disso, a maioria dos estudos relata um aumento significativo do filo Bacteroidetes
nos diabéticos, mais concretamente o género Bacteroides. Ainda assim, os estudos
apresentaram alguns resultados discordantes.
Conclusão: A maioria dos estudos relataram uma diminuição da diversidade da
microbiota intestinal associada a uma redução de bactérias consideradas benéficas, que
estariam envolvidas na permeabilidade intestinal, inflamação e regulação da imunidade,
nos indivíduos diabéticos. Porém, os estudos apresentam algumas limitações, pelo que fica
por esclarecer se essas alterações são causa da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 ou consequência
desta. Para entender melhor a associação, são necessários estudos mais homogéneos e
abrangentes.
Introduction: The gut microbiota represents all microorganisms that inhabit the gastroinstestinal tract, and its composition and balance are necessary conditions for development and maintenance of health, as it performs several essential functions in metabolic and imune regulation and protection. Dysbiosis is caracterized by an imbalance in normal gut microbiota and appears to be involved in the development of several diseases, including intestinal, metabolic and autoimmune. One of these important diseases is type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, which caracterized by a destruction of insulinproducing cells in the pancreas, leading to an absolute insulin deficiency. The aim of this work was to understand whether changes in the gut microbiota could be implicated in the development of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: A bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed search engine to identify articles that compared the gut microbiota of individuals with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with that of healthy individuals, using the following keywords: "fecal microbiota", "fecal microbiome", "gut microbiota", "gut microbiome", "type 1 diabetes", “case-control study” and “observational study”. The lists of references of the initially identified articles were also consulted. Results: 15 articles were selected. Most articles revealed significant changes in gut microbiota of diabetic individuals compared to that of healthy individuals, reporting a decrease in microbiota diversity, with a decrease in some beneficial species, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillales. Furthermore, most studies report a significant increase in the phylum Bacteroidetes in diabetics, specifically the genus Bacteroides. Nonetheless, the studies presented some conflicting results. Conclusion: Most studies reported a decrease in the diversity of gut microbiota associated with a reduction of bacteria considered beneficial, which would be involved in intestinal permeability, inflammation and immunity regulation, in diabetic individuals. However, due to some limitations of the studies, it remains unclear whether these changes are a cause of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus or a consequence of it, which is why more homogeneous and comprehensive studies are needed to better understand the association.
Introduction: The gut microbiota represents all microorganisms that inhabit the gastroinstestinal tract, and its composition and balance are necessary conditions for development and maintenance of health, as it performs several essential functions in metabolic and imune regulation and protection. Dysbiosis is caracterized by an imbalance in normal gut microbiota and appears to be involved in the development of several diseases, including intestinal, metabolic and autoimmune. One of these important diseases is type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, which caracterized by a destruction of insulinproducing cells in the pancreas, leading to an absolute insulin deficiency. The aim of this work was to understand whether changes in the gut microbiota could be implicated in the development of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: A bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed search engine to identify articles that compared the gut microbiota of individuals with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with that of healthy individuals, using the following keywords: "fecal microbiota", "fecal microbiome", "gut microbiota", "gut microbiome", "type 1 diabetes", “case-control study” and “observational study”. The lists of references of the initially identified articles were also consulted. Results: 15 articles were selected. Most articles revealed significant changes in gut microbiota of diabetic individuals compared to that of healthy individuals, reporting a decrease in microbiota diversity, with a decrease in some beneficial species, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillales. Furthermore, most studies report a significant increase in the phylum Bacteroidetes in diabetics, specifically the genus Bacteroides. Nonetheless, the studies presented some conflicting results. Conclusion: Most studies reported a decrease in the diversity of gut microbiota associated with a reduction of bacteria considered beneficial, which would be involved in intestinal permeability, inflammation and immunity regulation, in diabetic individuals. However, due to some limitations of the studies, it remains unclear whether these changes are a cause of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus or a consequence of it, which is why more homogeneous and comprehensive studies are needed to better understand the association.
Description
Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 Endocrinologia Microbioma Microbiota Microbiota Fecal Microbiota Intestinal