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Fracionamento molecular e CaracterizaĆ§Ć£o de um Efluente Agroindustrial
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| Documento em Acesso Embargado atĆ© dia 11-10-2027. Tente solicitar cĆ³pia ao autor carregando no ficheiro | 1.06 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no Ć¢mbito da unidade de investigaĆ§Ć£o FibEnTec da Universidade da Beira Interior, tendo como objetivo fracionar a matĆ©ria orgĆ¢nica presente no efluente de uma agroindĆŗstria, atravĆ©s da aplicaĆ§Ć£o sequencial de tecnologias de membranas com crescente seletividade: microfiltraĆ§Ć£o (MF), ultrafiltraĆ§Ć£o (UF) e nanofiltraĆ§Ć£o (NF). Pretendeu-se nĆ£o sĆ³ a caraterizaĆ§Ć£o detalhada das fraƧƵes obtidas, mas tambĆ©m a avaliaĆ§Ć£o do seu potencial para serem usadas ou integradas em meios de cultura utilizados na produĆ§Ć£o de nanocelulose ou pigmentos bacterianos, com vista Ć produĆ§Ć£o de corantes. Adicionalmente, o remanescente da matĆ©ria orgĆ¢nica seria valorizado atravĆ©s da digestĆ£o anaerĆ³bia, visando a produĆ§Ć£o de biogĆ”s e a consequente reduĆ§Ć£o da carga poluente. A integraĆ§Ć£o destas vertentes com a recuperaĆ§Ć£o de Ć”gua para reutilizaĆ§Ć£o estabelece uma sinergia vantajosa, tanto do ponto de vista ambiental quanto econĆ³mico. O presente trabalho concretizou o fracionamento molecular e caracterizaĆ§Ć£o de um efluente agroindustrial recorrendo a uma sequĆŖncia de membranas com seletividade crescente, iniciada com uma membrana de microfiltraĆ§Ć£o, trĆŖs de ultrafiltraĆ§Ć£o e terminada com uma membrana de nanofiltraĆ§Ć£o. As fraƧƵes moleculares correspondem a dimensƵes >0,5 Āµm, 0,5 Āµm>100 kDa, 100 kDa>25 kDa, 25 kDa>5 kDa, 5 kDa>0,5 kDa e <0,5 kDa. As fraƧƵes moleculares produzidas e o efluente inicial foram caracterizados atravĆ©s de parĆ¢metros fĆsico-quĆmicos (pH, condutividade, sĆ³lidos totais), quantificaĆ§Ć£o da matĆ©ria orgĆ¢nica presente (CQO e CBO) e azoto total e fĆ³sforo total. Cada etapa do fracionamento implicou a utilizaĆ§Ć£o de mĆ³dulos de membrana na configuraĆ§Ć£o enrolados em espiral. O desempenho apĆ³s instalaĆ§Ć£o dos mĆ³dulos de membrana foi concretizado estabelecendo os valores de referĆŖncia da permeabilidade hidrĆ”ulica, necessĆ”rio na etapa de lavagem e recuperaĆ§Ć£o do mĆ³dulo concretizada apĆ³s a operaĆ§Ć£o, concretizada em modo de concentraĆ§Ć£o. O balanƧo mĆ”ssico realizado determinou que o fator de reduĆ§Ć£o de volume (FRV) variou ao longo das diferentes etapas do processo de filtraĆ§Ć£o, atingindo o valor mĆ”ximo de 5,00 na etapa de ultrafiltraĆ§Ć£o. Este fator reflete a relaĆ§Ć£o entre o volume de efluente processado e o volume de concentrado recolhido, permitindo avaliar a eficiĆŖncia da separaĆ§Ć£o de sĆ³lidos e matĆ©ria orgĆ¢nica em cada fase do processo. Ć medida que o FRV aumentava, verificouse uma concentraĆ§Ć£o significativa de sĆ³lidos suspensos e dissolvidos nas fraƧƵes retidas, como demonstrado pelos elevados valores de CQO, que atingiram 23325 mg/L no concentrado da microfiltraĆ§Ć£o, representando um aumento de 82% relativamente ao efluente bruto. No permeado da nanofiltraĆ§Ć£o, o balanƧo mĆ”ssico indicou uma remoĆ§Ć£o eficaz da carga orgĆ¢nica e dos sĆ³lidos dissolvidos, com o CQO a ser reduzido para 756 mg/L, representando uma eficiĆŖncia de remoĆ§Ć£o de aproximadamente 94%.
This work was developed within the scope of the FibEnTec research unit at the University of Beira Interior, with the aim of fractionating the organic matter present in the effluent of an agro-industry through the sequential application of membrane technologies with increasing selectivity: microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and nanofiltration (NF). The goal was not only to perform a detailed characterization of the obtained fractions but also to evaluate their potential to be used or integrated into culture media for the production of nanocellulose or bacterial pigments, aiming at dye production. Additionally, the remaining organic matter was intended to be valorized through anaerobic digestion, aiming at biogas production and the consequent reduction of the pollutant load. The integration of these approaches with water recovery for reuse establishes a beneficial synergy from both environmental and economic perspectives. The present work successfully carried out the molecular fractionation and characterization of an agro-industrial effluent using a sequence of membranes with increasing selectivity, starting with a microfiltration membrane (MF), three ultrafiltration membranes (UF), and ending with a nanofiltration membrane (NF). The molecular fractions correspond to the following sizes: >0.5 Āµm, 0.5 Āµm>100 kDa, 100 kDa>25 kDa, 25 kDa>5 kDa, 5 kDa>0.5 kDa, and <0.5 kDa. The produced molecular fractions and the initial effluent were characterized using physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, total solids), quantification of organic matter (COD and BOD), total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Each stage of fractionation involved the use of spiral-wound membrane modules. The performance after the installation of the membrane modules was established by determining the reference values of hydraulic permeability, which were necessary during the washing and recovery stages of the modules after the concentration operation. The mass balance determined that the volume reduction factor (VRF) varied throughout the different stages of the filtration process, reaching a maximum value of 5.00 during the ultrafiltration stage. This factor reflects the ratio between the volume of effluent processed and the volume of concentrate collected, allowing the efficiency of solid and organic matter separation to be assessed at each stage. As the VRF increased, a significant concentration of suspended and dissolved solids was observed in the retained fractions, as evidenced by the high COD values, which reached 23,325 mg/L in the microfiltration concentrate, representing an 82% increase compared to the raw effluent. In the nanofiltration permeate, the mass balance indicated an effective removal of organic load and dissolved solids, with COD being reduced to 756 mg/L, representing a removal efficiency of approximately 94%.
This work was developed within the scope of the FibEnTec research unit at the University of Beira Interior, with the aim of fractionating the organic matter present in the effluent of an agro-industry through the sequential application of membrane technologies with increasing selectivity: microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and nanofiltration (NF). The goal was not only to perform a detailed characterization of the obtained fractions but also to evaluate their potential to be used or integrated into culture media for the production of nanocellulose or bacterial pigments, aiming at dye production. Additionally, the remaining organic matter was intended to be valorized through anaerobic digestion, aiming at biogas production and the consequent reduction of the pollutant load. The integration of these approaches with water recovery for reuse establishes a beneficial synergy from both environmental and economic perspectives. The present work successfully carried out the molecular fractionation and characterization of an agro-industrial effluent using a sequence of membranes with increasing selectivity, starting with a microfiltration membrane (MF), three ultrafiltration membranes (UF), and ending with a nanofiltration membrane (NF). The molecular fractions correspond to the following sizes: >0.5 Āµm, 0.5 Āµm>100 kDa, 100 kDa>25 kDa, 25 kDa>5 kDa, 5 kDa>0.5 kDa, and <0.5 kDa. The produced molecular fractions and the initial effluent were characterized using physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, total solids), quantification of organic matter (COD and BOD), total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Each stage of fractionation involved the use of spiral-wound membrane modules. The performance after the installation of the membrane modules was established by determining the reference values of hydraulic permeability, which were necessary during the washing and recovery stages of the modules after the concentration operation. The mass balance determined that the volume reduction factor (VRF) varied throughout the different stages of the filtration process, reaching a maximum value of 5.00 during the ultrafiltration stage. This factor reflects the ratio between the volume of effluent processed and the volume of concentrate collected, allowing the efficiency of solid and organic matter separation to be assessed at each stage. As the VRF increased, a significant concentration of suspended and dissolved solids was observed in the retained fractions, as evidenced by the high COD values, which reached 23,325 mg/L in the microfiltration concentrate, representing an 82% increase compared to the raw effluent. In the nanofiltration permeate, the mass balance indicated an effective removal of organic load and dissolved solids, with COD being reduced to 756 mg/L, representing a removal efficiency of approximately 94%.
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Keywords
Fracionamento Molecular Efluente Agro-Industrial MicrofiltraĆ§Ć£o UltrafiltraĆ§Ć£o NanofiltraĆ§Ć£o Molecular Fractionation Agro-Industrial Efluente Microfiltration Ultrafiltration Nanofiltration